Section 3.3 Lecture

Question 1

What is metabolism?

Answer 1

The sum of all chemical reactions in the body that obtain and use energy.

Question 2

What are the two types of metabolism?

Answer 2

Anabolism and catabolism.

Question 3

What is anabolism?

Answer 3

The building of tissues and energy storage; associated with weight gain and growth.

Question 4

Give examples of anabolic states.

Answer 4

Pregnancy, childhood growth, adolescence, muscle building.

Question 5

What is catabolism?

Answer 5

The breakdown of tissues and stored energy to produce glucose; associated with weight loss.

Question 6

When is the body typically in a catabolic state?

Answer 6

During fasting, between meals, and in many disease states.

Question 7

What is the primary energy source for the body?

Answer 7

Glucose.

Question 8

How does the body obtain glucose?

Answer 8

From dietary intake or by producing it internally.

Question 9

What happens to excess glucose after cells’ energy needs are met?

Answer 9

It is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles; excess beyond that is stored as fat.

Question 10

What happens during a fasting or between-meals state?

Answer 10

Blood glucose is used first, then glycogen stores, then fat.

Question 11

What is glycogenolysis?

Answer 11

The breakdown of glycogen into glucose.

Question 12

What hormone is released in the presence of high blood glucose?

Answer 12

Insulin.

Question 13

What are the main actions of insulin?

Answer 13

Promotes glucose uptake into cells, glycogen storage, and fat formation.

Question 14

What hormone counteracts insulin?

Answer 14

Glucagon.

Question 15

When is glucagon released?

Answer 15

During low blood glucose or fasting states.

Question 16

What are the main actions of glucagon?

Answer 16

Promotes glycogen breakdown, fat breakdown, and glucose production.

Question 17

What is gluconeogenesis?

Answer 17

The creation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as fat and protein.

Question 18

What does “lysis” mean in metabolic terms?

Answer 18

Breakdown.

Question 19

What does “genesis” mean in metabolic terms?

Answer 19

Creation.

Question 20

How can you avoid confusing metabolic terms on exams?

Answer 20

Read the word backward—“lysis” means break down; “genesis” means create.