Section 2.4 Lecture Flashcards by Garrett Schick

Q

Why is immunity a high-yield exam topic?

A

It appears on major boards.

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Q

What are the two main types of immunity?

A

Active and passive.

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Q

What defines active immunity?

A

You make your own antibodies.

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Q

How is natural active immunity acquired?

A

Infection.

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Q

What is the risk of natural active immunity?

A

You could die from infection.

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Q

How is artificial active immunity acquired?

A

Vaccination.

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Q

Why are vaccines considered active immunity?

A

The host produces antibodies.

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Q

What defines passive immunity?

A

Antibodies come from another source.

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Q

Is passive immunity produced by the patient?

A

No.

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Q

What is a natural example of passive immunity after birth?

A

Breastfeeding.

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Q

Which antibody is most common in breast milk?

A

IgA.

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Q

What is another natural form of passive immunity before birth?

A

Maternal antibodies via placenta.

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Q

Why is a newborn protected at birth?

A

Maternal antibodies.

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Q

What is artificial passive immunity?

A

Antibodies given medically.

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Q

What is IVIG?

A

Intravenous immunoglobulin.

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Q

What type of immunity is IVIG?

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A

Artificial passive immunity.

Q

Can plasma transfusions provide immunity?

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A

Yes.

Q

What is antivenom an example of?

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A

Artificial passive immunity.

Q

Where do antivenom antibodies come from?

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A

Another organism (e.g., horse).

Q

Why are horses used to make antivenom?

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A

They survive venom exposure.

Q

Are antivenoms naturally acquired in humans?

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A

No.

Q

How fast does passive immunity work?

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A

Immediately.

Q

How fast does active immunity work?

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A

Takes weeks.

Q

What type of immunity does a vaccine provide?

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A

Artificial active immunity.

What type of immunity does antivenom provide?

Artificial passive immunity.

Why give both tetanus vaccine and antitoxin?

Immediate + long-term protection.

What does tetanus antitoxin provide?

Immediate passive immunity.

What does the tetanus vaccine provide?

Delayed active immunity.

What is convalescent plasma?

Antibodies from recovered patients.

What type of immunity is convalescent plasma?

Passive immunity.

What is the key exam distinction to remember?

Active vs passive; natural vs artificial.