Section 3.2 Lecture

Question 1

What is the primary role of the digestive system?

Answer 1

Obtain nutrients and eliminate waste.

Question 2

The digestive system is best described as what type of structure?

Answer 2

A continuous tube (pipe).

Question 3

Where does the digestive tract begin and end?

Answer 3

Begins at the mouth and ends at the anus.

Question 4

Food enters the digestive system as ______ and exits as ______.

Answer 4

Food; feces.

Question 5

Why is digestion necessary for energy production in humans?

Answer 5

Humans must extract energy from consumed plants or animals.

Question 6

What is the correct order of the main organs of the digestive tract?

Answer 6

Mouth → pharynx → esophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine → rectum → anus.

Question 7

What are the three parts of the small intestine (in order)?

Answer 7

Duodenum → jejunum → ileum.

Question 8

What are the main sections of the large intestine (colon)?

Answer 8

Cecum → ascending colon → transverse colon → descending colon → sigmoid colon → rectum → anus.

Question 9

What structure connects the mouth to the pharynx?

Answer 9

Uvula.

Question 10

What structure prevents food from entering the airway when swallowing?

Answer 10

Epiglottis.

Question 11

What muscular structures regulate movement between digestive organs?

Answer 11

Sphincters.

Question 12

What sphincter controls passage from the stomach into the small intestine?

Answer 12

Pyloric sphincter.

Question 13

Which part of the small intestine is considered the most important for digestion?

Answer 13

Duodenum.

Question 14

What two accessory organs deliver secretions into the duodenum?

Answer 14

Liver and pancreas.

Question 15

What does the liver deliver to the duodenum?

Answer 15

Bile.

Question 16

What does the pancreas deliver to the duodenum?

Answer 16

Digestive enzymes.

Question 17

Do the jejunum and ileum have sphincters between them?

Answer 17

No.

Question 18

Why is it difficult to distinguish the jejunum from the ileum anatomically?

Answer 18

Landmarks are not clearly defined or agreed upon.

Question 19

What is the major function of each section of the digestive tract?

Answer 19

Facilitate digestion and nutrient absorption.

Question 20

Besides anatomy, what systems regulate digestion?

Answer 20

Nervous system and hormones.

Question 21

What processes regulate hunger, fullness, and movement of food?

Answer 21

Neural and hormonal control (peristalsis and appetite regulation).