Senses test

Question 1

What do all sensory organs contain and what do they do

Answer 1

Sensory receptors

They are dendrites that react to a certain external or internal stimulus

Question 2

What are the 5 major types of sensory receptors

Answer 2

1. Mechanoreceptors (touch)
2. Thermoreceptors (temperature variations)
3. Pain receptors (aka nocireceptors)
4. Chemoreceptors (chemicals)
5. Photoreceptors (light)

Question 2

What are the impulses produced in the skin called

Answer 2

cutaneous sensations (includes: touch, heat, cold, pressure, and pain)

Not distributed evenly through the body

Question 3

Free nerve endings

Answer 3

sense pain, temp, touch, and pressure

Question 3

Meissner’s corpuscles

Answer 3

Encapsulated nerve endings found in hairless skin that detect light touch. Found in dermal layer, associated with dynamic (changing) touch

Question 3

Merkel’s disks

Answer 3

Detect light touch and pressure within the epidermis. Found in epidermal basal layer, associated with static (constant) touch.

Question 4

Hair follicle receptors

Answer 4

detect movement of hair

Question 4

Ruffini’s corpuscles

Answer 4

Detect deep pressure and stretching of skin. Static pressure

Question 4

Pacinian corpuscle

Answer 4

Encapsulated nerve endings that detect deep pressure and vibrations

Question 4

Dynamic touch vs static touch

Answer 4

Dynamic: changing
Static: constant

Dynamic: Meissner’s corpuscles and pacinian corpuscle

static: Merkel’s disk and Ruffini’s corpuscles

Question 5

Types of specialized senses

Answer 5

hearing and balance (ear)

smell (nose)

Sight (eye)

taste (mouth)

Question 6

What is the medial commissure and the lateral commissure

Answer 6

Where the eyelid meets the eye. Medial is closer to nose, lateral is closer to ear.

Question 7

What is the pathway of tears

Answer 7

formed in lacrimal glands, drain into ducts called the lacrimal canaliculi, then into the lacrimal sac, and then into the nasal cavity through the nasolacrimal duct.

Question 7

What is the conjunctiva

Answer 7

A thin membrane that covers the surface of the eyeball and the inner layer of the eyelid. It secreters mucus to lubricate the eye.

Question 7

What is the function of the lacrimal apparatus

Answer 7

It is a group of structures that lubricate the eye. Lacrimal glands above the eye constantly release tears to moisten the eye. Tears contain mucus, antibodies, and lysozyme.

Question 8

What are the layers of the eye

Answer 8

the tissue layers of the eye are:
-sclera
-choroid
-retina

Question 8

Choroid

Answer 8

Middle layer. Pigmented, vascular membrane that includes the iris and pupil

Question 8

Retina

Answer 8

Innermost layer of the eye. Contains photoreceptors that turn light energy into nerve impulses.

Question 9

Sclera

Answer 9

Outermost layer of the eye. White of the eye; made of fibrous connective tissue; protects & shapes the eye

Question 10

Cornea

Answer 10

made of thick, transparent tissue, and allows light into the eye.

Question 11

How does light enter the eye

Question 11

What is the pupil

Answer 11

The opening in the center of the iris through which light enters.

Low light- pupil wide open
High light- pupil nearly closed

Question 11

What is the iris

Answer 11

The colored part of the eye, located behind the cornea. Works with the pupil to regulate light entering the eye.

Question 12

lens

Answer 12

A semi-solid disc that directs light waves towards the retina. becomes less elastic with age

Question 13

ciliary muscles and suspensory muscles

Answer 13

Controls the lens. They help bend or flatten the lens.

Question 13

How does the eye perceive images? what order?

Answer 13

Light to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) which causes molecular changes that begin an impulse. The impulse travels through rods and cones, then ganglion cells, then optic nerve to brain

Question 13

vitreous humor

Answer 13

Behind the lens. A thick, jelly-like fluid that refracts light and fills the space btwn the lens and retina

Question 13

fovea centralis

Answer 13

A tiny pit that contains only cones, it is the point that provides the sharpest image.

Question 13

aqueous humor

Answer 13

A fluid in front of the lens. It nourishes the cornea.

Question 14

types of photoreceptors

Answer 14

Rods- distributed all over the retina. Responsible for vision in low light, sensitive. Cones- concentrated in center of retina. responsible for detection of colors, less sensitive

Question 14

optic nerve

Answer 14

channels impulses from receptors to the brain

Question 15

tympanic membrane

Answer 15

Sound waves vibrate this, its the eardrum

Question 15

blind spot

Answer 15

where the optic nerve meets the eye. There are no photoreceptors here.

Question 15

How can the shape of the eye affect vision

Answer 15

Eye is too long: myopia (near-sightedness) Eye too short: hyperopia (far-sightedness)

Question 15

auricle

Answer 15

Collects sound waves, part of the outer ear.

Question 15

external auditory canal

Answer 15

Waves collected by the auricle are passed through the external auditory canal

Question 15

perilymph

Answer 15

membranes filled with fluid found in the cochlea

Question 15

middle ear

Answer 15

A set of 3 tiny, jointed bones (ossicles): Malleus, Incus, and stapes. Commonly known as the hammer, the anvil, and the stirrup They amplify sound waves to the inner ear through a membrane called the oval window

Question 15

basilar membrane

Answer 15

Sound from ossicles vibrates the perilymph then the perilymph vibrates the basiclar membrane, which has tiny receptor cells.

Question 15

Papillae

Answer 15

Tongue is filled w these. Many of these contain tastebuds which contain chemoreceptors

Question 16

cochlea

Answer 16

In the inner ear, a bony snail-shaped structure containing membranes filled with fluid (perilymph) The tiny portion of the cochlea that creates an impulse is called the organ of corti.

Question 16

tectorial membrane

Answer 16

Hairs of the receptors move against the tectorial membrane, depolarizing the ends of the nerve cells and beginning an action potential.

Question 16

how does the cochlea aid in balance during static equalibrium

Answer 16

Maculae are receptor cells found in the cochlea that help to maintain static equilibrium when we are at rest and they provide information to keep our head upright. Receptor cells of the maculae are embedded in a gel-like membrane w calcium salts called otoliths on it and when they move the maculae send signal through the vestibular nerve to the brain that the head is moving

Question 16

olfactory receptors

Answer 16

found in the upper nasal cavities and help to distinguish thousands of different molecules.

Question 16

chemoreceptors

Answer 16

used by the sense of smell and taste

Question 16

Gustatory cells

Answer 16

chemoreceptors that respond to molecules dissolved in saliva, then depolarize sending signals to the brain through 3 facial nerves

Question 16

How does the cochlea maintain balance in dynamic equalibrium

Answer 16

3 semicircular canals are located above the cochlea and are situated at right angles to eachother. These canals are filled with fluid to help maintain dynamic equalibrim.