Social Evolution - Ch. 16

Question 1

Cost of Group Living

Answer 1

Transmission of disease and parasites
Competition for food
Intra-specific reproductive parasitism
Competitive interactions

Question 2

Dominance Hierarchies

Answer 2

Reduces conflict by automatic status recognition

Question 3

Benefits of Altruism

Answer 3

Apprenticeship: Skill Acquisition
Inheritance of Territory or Dominance Status
Delayed cost of dispersal

Question 4

Eusociality

Answer 4

Reproductive division of labour

Question 5

Inclusive Fitness

Answer 5

Relatives other than offspring can contribute to an individual’s future genetic representation

Question 6

Direct Fitness

Answer 6

An organisms own success in transmitting alleles to future generations

Question 7

Indirect Fitness

Answer 7

Reproductive success of other individuals carrying the same alleles

Question 8

Kin Selection

Answer 8

Selection arising from the indirect benefits of helping relatives

Question 9

Relatedness

Answer 9

Probability of a shared allele by common descent

Question 10

Hamilton Rule

Answer 10

R x B > C
Relatedness x benefit to recipient outweigh costs to donor

Question 11

Individual selection

Answer 11

Selection arising from variation in fitness among individuals

Question 12

Group Selection

Answer 12

Selection arising from variation in fitness among groups

Question 13

Game Theory

Answer 13

Studying behaviour that solves for the optimal decision in strategic situations where the payoff to a particular choice depends on the choices of others

Question 14

Dilution Effect

Answer 14

Safety in numbers that rises through swamping the foraging capacity of local predators