Solubility Rules

Question 1

What’s the first solubility rule?

Answer 1

If it contains an Alkali Metal (ion from Group 1A),

it’s soluble!

Question 2

What’s the second solubility rule?

Answer 2

The salt is soluble if it contains:

• Ammonium (NH₄⁺)
• Acetate (C₂H₃O₂^-)
• Nitrate (NO₃^-)
• Chlorate (CLO₃-)
• Perchlorate (CLO₄-)

Hint: Ammy Aces Nightly Coloring, Perched.

Question 3

What’s the third solubility rule?

Answer 3

It is soluble if it contains

• Bromide (Br-)
• Chloride (Cl-)
• Iodide (I-)

EXCEPT when with

• Ag+ , Pb²⁺ , or Hg₂²⁺

Hint: sol-Bros Clasp Intensely EXCEPT for Agressive Public Hugging

Question 4

What’s the fourth solubility rule?

Answer 4

The salt is soluble if it contains sulfate (SO₄^2-)

EXCEPT when with

Sr²⁺, Ca²⁺, Ba²⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg₂²⁺

Hint: soluble Soulmate - Sr. CaBa Public Hugging

Question 5

What are the two insolubility rules?

Answer 5

INSOLUBLE:

• All metal hydroxides (OH-) and metal oxides (O^2-)
  
  • EXCEPT those of Group 1A, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺ (the ions of the strong bases)
• All salts that contain phosphate (PO₄^3-), carbonate (CO₃^2-), sulfite (SO₃^2-), and sulfide (S^2-)
  
  • Hint: insoluble Pho is a Carby Soup Soup. Only time ite appears.
  • EXCEPT if there is a Group 1A ion, or NH₄+ (per the solubility rules)

Question 6

Describe the trend for solubility of molecular compounds.

Answer 6

• We learned the solubility rules for ionic compounds.
• Totally different for molecular compounds. They are more soluble (dissolve) if they are more polarizable (bigger).
  
  • Ex: Can dissolve more O2 than N2 in water.
  • They will dissolve, not dissociate.