What is a self report ?
- taking a questionar about yourself
What are some caracteristics regarding self report ?
- Every person has to get the same kind of quetsion with same set of alternatives
- must be objective
- most used method
What are the two assumptions regarding self report ?
- U have to know ur behavior/thoughts and feelings
2. Also u must be willing to report the facts
What are some pros about self reports ?
- low cost / high efficiency /short time
- introspective details
What are some cons about self reports ?
- Social desirability bias
- Sometimes bad at judging own personality
- if wrong word choice was used could easily lead to missunderstanding
- Cultural differences
What is the social desirability factor ?
- you want to look better then u are
What are observer reports/ informat reports ?
- third person judging ur character
What are some characteristics regarding observer reports ?
- The person which is closest to u should do the report
What are some pros regarding observer reports ?
- Can be more objective !
- Can have a higher reliablity by including more observer
- principle of aggregation
What are the cons regarding observer report ?
- can lead to false impression (enhancment/aggravate bias
- person himself allways can judge better
- higher cost + more time consuming
- Fundamental attribution error
What is the fundamental attribution error ?
- people underestimate situational cirumstances and over estimate personal trades
What is the principle of aggregation ?
many reports + diff methods combined -> lead to higher reliability
What is the direct behavioral observation ?
- You observe the person directly
- In lab or natural enviorment
- based on that the personality is manifested in everyday life !
What are the cons regarding direct behavioral observation ?
- time consuming + very expensive
- ethical issue
- only observing external behavior
- social desiarbility error
- some indicator can not be directly linked to characteristics
- again more reliability because more people can judge !
What is the solution to the social desiarbility error and the money problem regarding behavioral observation ?
- EAR = Electronically Activated Recorder
- captures short auditory snapshots of what the individual is doing over numerous time between a random time periods
What is Bio/life data ?
- Documents/online data or any kind of objects which give u informaions about your true self.
What are some pros regarding bio life data ?
- very objective
- higher external validity
What are some cons regarding bio life data ?
- one indicator can not explain ur characteristic
- Problem with Stereotypes
What is external validity ?
- Decides wheter the study will occur in real life cases
what are the big five traits ?
- Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness
What is multiple Method approach ?
- accuracy would be increased if these methods were applied in combination with one another
What are the cons of the multiple method ?
- extra time commitment, money, and resources,
What are the pros of multiple method approach ?
- to address new questions that cannot be examined with self-reports alone
- improve construct validity
What is self knowledge ?
- 0,4 to 0,6 correlation
- Accurate self-perceptions about how one typically thinks, feels & behaves
- Also, the awareness of how these patterns are interpreted by others (bias)
