Trichromatic theory is
a theory of color vision that says cones are sensitive to: red green and blue
Subtractive Color Mixing is
When mixing colored paints each new color
subtracts from (soaks up) another
wavelength
All wavelengths are subtracted with a mixture of red, blue, & yellow (the result is black paint),
so they are primary colours
Mixing coloured lights is an additive process-each new color adds another wavelength….
Additive Color Mixing is
Vision, however, operates on an addition
_process
When mixing colored LIGHT, each new color adds another wavelength
By mixing red, green, & blue lights, you end up with white not black
…so these three lights are also primary because they produce white light, which combines all wavelengths.
Subtraction color mixing is
When mixing paints each new colour subtracts from another wavelength
mixing light colors is an additive process -each new colours add another wavelength
colour deficient vision is
people who lack 1 of 3 cones, usually red or green receptors
is inherited via female and more common in males
opponent-process theory is
Color vision that says color is processed in cones organized in pairs:
- red-green
- yellow-blue
-black -white
light that stimulates one half of the pair inhibits/blocks the other half
Vision and audition is (sight and sound)
Use similar terms to discuss the different stimuli , because they both work in waves
Wavelength: Determines the quality of the waves
- for vision, colour
- for sight, pitch
Amplitude: determines intensity of waves
- for vision, brightness
- for sound, loudness
sound is
Sound waves are produced by vibrations which travels in pulses of air molecules to your ear
-features of sound include:
pitch
hertz
decibels
Pitch is
A sounds highness or lowness, determined by length of the wave (frequency)
pitch is expressed as Hz (hertz)
- the number of sound waves that reach the ear per second
Hertz is
A measure of the number of sound wave peaks per second ; measures frequency
human hearing goes from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz
Decibel is
a mesure of the height of soundwave
determines loudness sometimes called amplitude.
Loss of hair cells = prolonged exposure of 85+ decibels resulting in hearing loss
auditory canal
The opening through which sound waves travel as they move into the ear for processing
* Sound has travelled through the air, funneled by the tissue of your outer ear travels down the auditory canal
- ends at the eardrum (tympanic membrane)
Tympanic Membrane (eardrum) is
The issues barrier that transfers sound vibration from the air to the tiny bones of the middle ear
- Can be damaged by objects in the ear or loud noises…
that can literally cause the esr-drum to burst. When the eardrum heals, (some hearing loss will remain as the scar tissue that develops does not conduct vibration as readily as the original tissues)
ossicles are
Ossicles has three tiny bones that transfer sound waves from the eardrum to the cochlea
Tree bones:
- Hammer
-Anvil
- Stirrup
Cochlea is
Cochlea is the major organ of hearing:
• a snail-shaped, bony, fluid filled structure in the inner ear
where sound waves are changed into neural impulses
Oval Window is
The point on the surface of the cochlea which receives sound vibration from the ossicles
• As the oval window vibrates the fluid in the cochlea stimulates the hair cells
Hair cells are
The receptor cells for hearing
• hairs are located in the cochlea
• The vibrating fluid in the cochlea cause the hair cells to change, these sound vibrations into neural impulses that your brain can process
Auditory nerve is
the nerve that carries sound information from the ear to the temporal lobes of the brain
Semicircular canals are
the organs In the inner ear used in sensing body grientation & balance (vestibular sense)
• Relies on fluid in the canals
• Spinning in circles disrupts the fluid- Leading to dizziness
Localization of Sound is
where sound is originating from.
locating through twe cues:
• Which ear hears the sound first?
• Which ear hears the sound louder?
Taste is
is a chemical sense, receptor cells are located primarily on the tongue and in the mouth
4 types of taste:
- Salty
-sour
- sweet
-bitter
Damaged taste receptors (taste buds) are replaced within a few days
Traditionally, taste sensations consisted of sweet, salty, sour, and bitter tastes. Recently, receptors for a fifth taste have been discovered called “Umami” (chicken)
Smell is
a chemical sense
• Olfactory cells in the upper nasal passages detect molecules in the air
• Taste and smell.
in lent to produce flavour
Touch is
an on the skin which respond to various kinds of stimulation:
4 main types of receptors
- Hawing
Four basic types of skin receptors
1.pain
2. warmth
2. cold
4. pressure
All skin sensation are a combo of these four basic senses
