Test 3

Question 1

Answer 1

• Latin name: Echinaceae spp.
• English name: Echinaeae
• Family name: Asteraceae
• Drug: Root
• Active constituents:
  * Polysaccharides
  * Caffeic acid derivatives
  * Alkyl-amides
• Effects:
  * Immunostimulent →Increase phagocytosis
  * Anti-inflammatory
• Utilization:
  * Infusion →warm compress (wounds/insect bites)
  * Tea →infectious diseases
  * Tincture →influenza-case

Question 2

Answer 2

• Latin name: Rosa canina / Rosae pseudofructus
• English name: Dog-rose hip / Hedge-rose hip
• Family name: Rosaceae
• Drug: Wall of the pseudo fruit + seeds
  -Active constituents:
  * Ascorbic acid
  * Fruit acid
  * Flavonoids
  * Carotenoids
  * Sugar
  * Pectins
• Utilization: vitamin needs
• Product:
  * Tea
  * Mash / jam

Question 3

Answer 3

• Latin name: Hippophaë rhamnoides
• English name: Sea buckthorn
• Family name: Elaegnaceae
• Drug: Pseudo fruit
• Active constituents:
  * Vit. C + B12
  * Beta carotene
  * Flavonoids
  * Fatty oil (in seeds)
• Utilization:
  * Colds
• Product: Juice & extract

Question 4

Answer 4

• Latin name: Ricinus communis
• English name: Castor bean
• Faminly name: Euphorbiaceae
• Drug: Seed
• Active constituents:
  * Fatty acids
  * Vit. E components
  * Phospholipids
• Utilization: Purgative medicine

Question 5

Phenoloids

Answer 5

• Contains 1 (or more) aromatic ring(s)
• Have 1 (or more) OH-group(s)
• Shikimic acid / cinnamic acid
  → centre of the biosynthesis

Question 6

Answer 6

• Latin name: Cinnamomum verum
• English name: Cinnamon
• Family name: Lauraceae
• Drug: Bark of young shoots
• Active constituents:
  * Volatile oil
  * Cinnamon aldehyde (bark)
  * Eugenol (leaves)
• Effect:
  * Antibacterial
  * Anti-fungal
  * Helps intestinal movement
• Utilization: Eat 2-3 times daily
• Product: Infusion (2-4g)

Question 7

Answer 7

• Latin name: Rosmarinus officinalis
• English name: Rosemary
• Family name: Laminaceae
• Drug: Leaf
• Active constituents:
  * Cinnamic acid derivatives
  * Rosmarinic acid
  * Terpenoids → volatile oil
  * Flavonoids
• Effect:
  * Cold sores (herpes labialis)
  * Mild antimicrobial & antiviral effects
  * Hepatoprotective + antitumor

Question 8

Lignins & lignans

Answer 8

• Lignins:
• Polymers
• Form basis of cell wall
• In xylem part of gymnosperm
• In different tissues in angiosperm
• Lignans:
• Dimers
• Antioxidant / estrogenic effects
• Free + glycosides forms are appeared
• Flavolignans (special case)
  →link up flavonoid units

Question 9

Answer 9

• Latin name: Silybum marianum
• English name: Milk thistle
• Family name: Asterace
• Drug: Seeds
• Active constituents:
  * Mixture of flavonolignans
  → Silibinin
  → Silichristin
  → Silidianin
  * Flavonoids
  * Fatty oil
• Effect:
  * Antiperoxidant
  * Hepatoprotective
  * Antibilious
• Utilization: Extract → Has no effect as tea