Test 4

Question 1

5 phenoloids

Answer 1

1. Cinnamoids
2. Phenoloids-quinons
3. Simple phenolic glycosides
4. Tannins
5. Flavonoids

Question 2

Types of coumarins (cinnamoid)

Answer 2

• Hydroxy-coumarin (e.g. umbelliferone)
• Dicoumarol (hay from mowburnt, moldy, melylotisid containing plants)
• Furanocoumarins (known fish poison)
• Pyranocoumarins (spasmolytic effect)

Question 3

Answer 3

• Latin name: Angelica Archangelica
• English name: Angelica
• Family name: Apiaceae
• Drug: Rhizome and root (dried)
• Active constituent:
  * More than 20 furanocoumarins
  * Hydroxy-coumarin (umbelliferon)
  * Volatile oil (phellandrene & pinene)
• Effect: Spasmolytic
• Utilization:
  * Stomach & intestine diseases
  * In case of inappetence

Question 4

Answer 4

• Latin name: Levisticum officinale
• English name: Lovage
• Family name: Apiaceae
• Drug: Rhizome & root (dried)
• Active constituent:
  * Furanocoumarins (bergapten + psoralen)
  * Hydroxy-coumarin (umbelliferon)
  * Volatile oil
• Effect:
  * Diuretic, antibacterial, antimicotic
  * Solve bladder stone, bile stone
  * Vet med: Ru problem (case of roaring)
• Utilization:
  * Help asepsis of urinary track (ico bacterial infection)
  * Infusion

Question 5

Answer 5

• Latin name: Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
• English name: Bearberry
• Family name: Ericaceae
• Drug: Glossy leaves
• Active constituents:
  * Arbutin 7%
  * Tannins 15-20%
  * Flavonoids
• Precaution effects: Pregnant & breastfeeding women
• Utilization: Urinary tract antiseptics, diuretics

Question 6

Answer 6

• Latin name: Salix alba
• English name: White willow
• Family name: Salicaceae (williow family)
• Drug: Young shoots, bark
• Active constituents:
  * Salicin, salicortin
  * Flavonoids
  * Tannin
  * Phenolic carbon acids
• Effect:
  * Mild analgesic, antipyretic
  * Anti-inflammatory
  * Antibacterial
• Utilization: Infusion (Small dose is enough)

Question 7

Answer 7

• Latin name: Filipendula ulmaria
• English name: Meadowsweet
• Family name: Rosaceae (rose family)
• Drug: Leaf
• Active constituents:
  * Salicylic acid derivatives
  * Volatile oils
  * Flavonoid
• Effects:
  * Hidrotic, and antipyretic
• Utilization: Infusion
  * Colds diseases
  * Rheumatic & arthralgy diseases

Question 8

Medicinal application of tannins

Answer 8

• Create irreversible complex with proteins
• Create protective layer on skin and mucous membrane
• Decrease pain and the ichor
• Decrease inflammation
• Stop capillary bleeding
• Bacteria + toxic agents don’t enter the organism

Question 9

Answer 9

• Latin name: Quercus spp.
• English name: Oak species
• Family name: Fagaceae (oak family)
• Drug: Cut and dried bark of young shoots
• Active constituents:
  * Catechin
  * Mix of gallic acid derivatives
• Effects:
  * Astringent
  * Antibacterial
  * Antiviral
• Utilization:
  * Dermatitis, eczema
  * Wounds and burns
  * Haemorrhoid
  * Foot perspiration
  (vet practise: aqueous extraction used orally in diarrhoea)

Question 10

Answer 10

• Latin name: Agrimonia eupatoria
• English name: Common agrimony
• Family name: Rosaceae (rose family)
• Drug: Whole flower shoots
• Active constituents:
  * Catechin (tannins)
  * Phenol carboxyl acids
  * Volatile oils
• Utilization:
  * Mild effect (MITE)
  * Astringent
  * Internal - antibacterial & antifungal
  * External - Gargle, soor, tonsilitis and cough
  * Skin diseases (water infusion)

Question 11

Answer 11

• Latin name: Potentilla erecta
• Tormentil
• Family name: Rosaceae (rose family)
• Drug: Rhizome
• Active constituents:
  * Catechin type tannins
  * Ellagic acid & gallotannin
  * Triterpenes (tormentosid
• Effect: Astringent effect
• Utilization:
  * Internal - diarrhoea
  * External - gargle (tonsilitis + mouth inflammation)

Question 12

What are the 5 flavonoids?

Answer 12

1. Flavons
2. Flavanons
3. Flavonols
4. Procianidins
5. Anthocianidins