Test 8

Question 1

Answer 1

• Latin name: Citrus limon
• English name: Lemon
• Family name: Rutatceae
• Drug: External peel of fruit
• Active constituent: Volatile oil
  * Limonene
  * Citral
• Effect:
  * CNS
  * Antibacterial
  * Appetite increase
  * Affect for capillary
• Utilization (oil):
  * Aroma - in food industry

Question 2

Answer 2

• Latin name: Thymus serpyllum
• English name: Wild thyme
• Family name: Laminaceae
• Drug: Non-woody shoots
• Active constituents:
  * Volatile oil (carvacrol, thymol)
  * Flavonoids (apigenin, luteolin)
  * Tannins (Rosmarinic acid)
• Effects:
  * Antimicrobial
  * Spasmolytic
• Utilization:
  * Against acute and chronic bronchitis
  * Thymol used as acaricide in apiaries

Question 3

Answer 3

• Latin name: Thymus vulgaris
• English name: Common thyme
• Family name: Laminaceae
• Drug: Non-woody strems (cut after 2 years)
• Active constituents:
  * Volatile oil (thymol, carvacrol)
  * Flavonoids (apigenin, luteolin)
  * Tannins (rosmarinic acid)
• Effect:
  * Antispasmodic
  * Antibacterial
  *Secretolytic
  * Expectorant
• Usage: Mix w/ Th. sephyllum
  * Tea (good for digestive disorders)
  * Inhalation
  * Bath ico cold
• Volatile oil used against acute and chronic bronchitis.

Question 4

Answer 4

• Latin name: Origanum vulgare
• English name: Oregano
• Family name: Lamiaceae
• Drug: Leaves
• Active constituents:
  * Volatile oil (thymol, carvacrol)
  * Flavonoids
  * Saponins
• Usage:
  * Similar to thyme
  * Antibilious
  * Herb

Question 5

Answer 5

• Latin name: Rosmarinus officinalis
• English name: Rosemary
• Family name: Lamiaceae
• Drug: Leaves
• Active constituents:
  * Cinnamic acid
  * Rosmarinic acid
  * Volatile oil (cineol, camphor, champhene)
  * Flavonoids
• Effect:
  * Skin irritation
  * Hepatoprotective
  * Support digestion
  * Increase blood pressure
  * Antitumor effect
  * Herb
• OBS! Not to be used against pregnancy and hypertonia (large amount of oil can be toxic for the CNS)

Question 6

Answer 6

• Latin name: Salvia officinalis
• English name: Sage
• Family name: Lamiaceae
• Drug: Leaf
• Active constituents:
  * Volatile oil (a-thujon & b-thujon)
  * Diterpenes, triterpenes
  * Rosmarinic acid
  * Flavonoids
• Effect:
  * Antibacterial
  * Antispasmodic
• Usage:
  > Internal: infusion
  * Digestion disorders
  * Ico excessive sweating
  > External
  * Gargle for inflammation of mouth & throat diseases
  * Rinse aid ico foot perspiration
  * Bath for hemorrhoidal complaints

Question 7

Answer 7

• Latin name: Salvia sclarea
• English name: Clary sage
• Family name: Lamiaceae
• Drug: Volatile oil
• Active constituents:
  * Linalool
  * Linalyl acetat
  * Sclareol
• Effect: Antiseptic
• Usage:
  * Primary in cosmetics (sclareol odour stabilizing in perfume industry)
  * Gargle to treat sore throat
  * Digestive disorders

Question 8

Answer 8

• Latin name: Juniperus communis
• English name: Common juniper
• Family name: Cupressaceae
• Drug: Berry
• Active constituents:
  * Volatile oil (a-pinene)
  * Tannins
  * Flavonoids
  * Invert sugar - 30%
• Administration:
  * Diuretic effect (urinary tract asepsis)
  * Sharpen appetite
  * Herb (meat)
  * External (for joint complain)
• Contraindication: Pregnancy (infectious intestinal neohritis)

Question 9

Answer 9

• Latin name: Coriandrum sativum
• English name: Coriander
• Family name: Apiaceae-umbelliferae
• Drug: Fruit/seed
• Active constituents:
  * Volatile oil (linalool)
  * Phenol carbonic acids
  * Triterpene saponins
• Effects:
  * Digestion helper
  * Carminative antispasmodic
  * Antimicrobial effect (against fungi & bacteria)
• Utilization:
  * Food & drinks
  * Tea, herbs

Question 10

Answer 10

• Latin name: Carum carvi
• English name: Caraway
• Family name: Apiaceae - umbelliferae
• Drug: Fruit/seed
• Active constituents:
  * Volatile oil
  * Essential oil (carvone)
• Effects:
  * Spasmolytic
  * Antibacterial
  * Antifungal
• Utilization: Infusion
  * Digestive disorders (as herb)

Question 11

Frequent terpenes & phenylpropane derivates in volatile oils

Answer 11

• Acyclic monoterpenes
• Monocyclic monoterpenes
• Bicyclic monoterpenes
• Sesquiterpenes
• Phenylpropane derivatives

Question 12

Acyclic monoterpenes

Answer 12

• Linalool
• Citronellal
• Neral
• Geranial

Question 13

Monocyclic monoterpenes

Answer 13

• Menthol
• Carvon
• Thymol
• Carvacral

Question 14

Answer 14

Latin Name: Eucalyptus globulus

English Name: Eucaliptus

Drug: Leaf

Active Constituents:

• Volatile oil (Eucalyptol)

Effects:

• Antiseptic
• Anti-inflammatory
• Expectorant activity

Question 15

Answer 15

Latin Name: Anethum graveolens

English Name: Dill

Drug: Leaf (fruits are used in therapy)

Active Constituents:

• Volatile oil (Carvone, limonene, phellandrene)

Effects:

• Sharpen appetite
• Spasmolytic effect in smooth muscle cells