Testis

Question 1

Testis

Answer 1

Primary male sex organ

Question 2

Function

Answer 2

Mixed gland:
1. Endocrine: secretes testosterone
2. Exocrine: secretes sperms

Question 3

Site

Answer 3

1. 2 testes are found in scrotum
2. One on each side of median septum
3. Suspended by spermatic cords which are attached to their posterior aspects
4. Left testis level is slightly lower than that of right one

Question 4

Shape

Answer 4

Oval

Question 5

Size

Answer 5

1. 5cm long
2. 2.5 cm thick
3. 2.5 cm anteroposterior diameter

Question 6

Weight

Answer 6

10-15 gm

Question 7

Surfaces

Answer 7

Medial and lateral

Question 8

Borders

Answer 8

1. Anterior border: convex, smooth, and covered with tunica vaginalis (serous sac)
2. Posterior border: straight and partially covered with tunica vaginalis
3. Posterior border is related to:
   - epididymis: lateral, partially separated from testis by epididymis sinus
   - vas deferens: medial

Question 9

3 special direct coverings

Answer 9

1. Tunica vaginalis
2. Tunica albuginea
3. Tunica vasculosa

Question 10

Tunica vaginalis

Answer 10

1. Outer covering representing persistent lower part of processus vaginalis
2. Testis invaginates it from behind and it has two layers:
   - visceral layer: covers testis except its posterior border
   - lines scrotum

Question 11

Tunica vaginalis cavity

Answer 11

Contains serous fluid capillary film between the 2 layers

Question 12

Tunica vaginalis epididymis sinus

Answer 12

1. Lateral recess found between testis and epididymis
2. Tunica vaginalis upper end is connected to peritoneum by fibrous band processus vaginalis vestigue (processus vaginalis obliterated proximal part)

Question 13

Applied anatomy

Answer 13

1. Accumulation of clean serous fluid (hydrocele), blood (hematocele), and lymph (chylocele) in tunica vaginalis
2. Failure of processus vaginalis obliteration results in congenital oblique Inguinal hernia or congenital hydrocele

Question 14

Tunica albuginea

Answer 14

1. Dense white fibrous layer
2. Covers testis completely
3. Lies deep to tunica vaginalis visceral layer
4. Its posterior part is thickened forming testis mediastinum which sends septa inside testis dividing it into 200-300 lobules

Question 15

Tunica vasculosa

Answer 15

Innermost vascular coat lining testicular lobules

Question 16

3 coverings of spermatic cord

Answer 16

Extends downwards to surround testis
1. Internal spermatic fascia
2. Cremasteric muscle and fascia
3. External spermatic fascia

Question 17

3 cutaneous and subcutaneous layers of scrotum

Answer 17

1. Skin
2. Dartos muscle
3. Superficial fascia membranous layer

Question 18

Atrial supply

Answer 18

Testicular artery

Question 19

Venous drainage

Answer 19

Pampiniform venous plexus

Question 20

Lymph drainage

Answer 20

By lymphatics running along testicular vessels to para-aortic lymph nodes

Question 21

Testicular artery

Answer 21

Branch from abdominal aorta at level of L3 vertebra upper border
1. Descends in front of ureter and Psoas major muscle
2. Reaches deep Inguinal ring
3. Descends down to testis as on of spermatic cord constituents

Question 22

Pampiniform venous plexus

Answer 22

1. Collects its blood into 4-8 veins at superficial Inguinal ring which unite into 2 venae commitantes at deep Inguinal ring
2. These 2 veins unite forming one testicular vein which drains obliquely into IVC on right side and at right angle into left renal vein on left side

Question 23

Applied anatomy: Varicocele

Answer 23

Condition in which Pampiniform venous plexus become dilated, elongated, and tortuous

Question 24

Why is Varicocele more common on left side?

Answer 24

1. Left testicular vein is longer than the right
2. Left testicular vein enters left renal vein at right angle
3. Left testicular vein is compressed by heavy pelvic colon

Question 25

Nerve supply

Answer 25

Sympathetic nerves from 10th thoracic spinal segment reach testis along its arterial supply