Ureter

Question 1

Beginning, course, and end

Answer 1

1. Retroperitoneal tubular muscular structure
2. Begins in renal sinus by funnel shaped pelvis of ureter (renal pelvis)
3. Pelvis of ureter is partly inside renal sinus and partly outside it where it descends along kidney medial border
4. Reach its lower pole (pelvic-uretic junction at level of L2 transverse process tip)
5. Become ureter proper which ends at superior lateral angle of urinary bladder trigone

Question 2

Size

Answer 2

10 inches long
6 mm in diameter

Question 3

Site

Answer 3

Upper half lies in abdomen while lower half in pelvis

Question 4

Abdominal part

Answer 4

Descends vertically and medial on posterior abdominal wall opposite transverse process tips (L2-L5) vertebrae

Question 5

Abdominal part includes

Answer 5

1. Right renal pelvis
2. Left renal pelvis
3. Right ureter
4. Left ureter

Question 6

Right and left renal pelvis: anterior and posterior

Answer 6

1. Anterior: renal vessels
2. Posterior: Psoas major

Question 7

Right renal pelvis: anterior

Answer 7

Duodenum 2nd part

Question 8

Left renal pelvis: anterior

Answer 8

Pancreas body

Question 9

Right and left ureters: posterior

Answer 9

1. Medial border of Psoas major and Psoas minor
2. Transverse processes tips L2-L5 vertebrae
3. Genitofemoral nerve

Question 10

Right and left ureters: anterior

Answer 10

Peritoneum of posterior abdominal wall

Question 11

Right ureter: anterior

Answer 11

1. Duodenum 3rd part
2. Right colic artery
3. Ileocolic artery
4. Right gonadal artery
5. Root of mesentery and superior mesenteric vessels
6. Small intestine loops

Question 12

Right ureter: medial

Answer 12

IVC

Question 13

Left ureter: anterior

Answer 13

1. Upper and lower left colic arteries
2. Left gonadal artery
3. Sigmoid colon and mesocolon apex (where it crosses in front of left common iliac bifurcation)

Question 14

Left ureter: medial

Answer 14

Inferior mesenteric vein

Question 15

Constrictions

Answer 15

1. Pelvic uretic junction
2. Where it crosses common iliac artery bifurcation
3. At ischeal spine
4. Intramural part and ureteric orifice

Question 16

Blood supply

Answer 16

1. Aorta
2. Renal artery
3. Gonadal artery
4. Common and internal iliac arteries
5. Inferior vesicle artery in male or uterine artery in female

Question 17

Nerve supply

Answer 17

From renal, aortic, superior and inferior hypogastric plexuses, which are derived from lower 3 thoracic, 1st lumbar, and 2nd to 4th sacral segments

Question 18

Surface anatomy

Answer 18

1. Anterior surface marking
2. Posterior surface marking

Question 19

Anterior surface marking

Answer 19

Line drawn from point on Transpyloric plane 2 inches from middle line to pubic tubercle

Question 20

Posterior surface marking

Answer 20

Line on back from point 2 inches from middle line at L1 spine level to posterior superior iliac spine (indicated by skin dimple)