Thigh

Question 1

Anterior thigh nerve, nerve roots, and function:

Answer 1

• femoral nerve
• L2-L4
• hip flexion and knee extension

Question 2

Medial thigh nerve, nerve roots, and function:

Answer 2

• obturator
• L2-L4
• Hip adduction

Question 3

Posterior thigh nerve, nerve roots, and function:

Answer 3

• tibial
• L4-S3
• knee flexion and hip extension

Question 4

Fascia Lata:

Answer 4

• deep fascia of the thigh
• acts as a stocking facilitating venous return

Question 5

Iliotibial tract:

Answer 5

• thick lateral portion of the fascia lata
• provides support for the knee joint and hip
• site of attachment for the gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata muscles
• continuous into the plane of the slide into the femur with the intermuscular septum.

Question 6

The iliotibial tract is a site of attachment for:

Answer 6

• gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata muscles

Question 7

Intermuscular septa:

Answer 7

• lateral and medial intermuscular septa
• subdivide the thigh into three anatomical compartments:
• anterior, medial and posterior

Question 8

What subdivides the thigh into three anatomical compartments: anterior, medial, and posterior?

Answer 8

lateral and medial intermuscular septa

Question 9

Lateral intermuscular septum:

Answer 9

• deep fascia extending from the iliotibial tract to the femur

Question 10

Medial intermuscular septum:

Answer 10

• deep fascia extending from the medial aspect of the thigh to the femur.

Question 11

How does the fascia lata aid the venous muscular pump system?

Answer 11

• muscle contracting veins cannot bulge outward due to fascia lata
• increases pressure muscles put on great saphenous vein, helping pump the blood upward.

Question 12

Where is there an opening in the fascia lata?

Answer 12

• where the thigh crease meets the trunk.
• opening for great saphenous vein to empty into the femoral.
• Area of weakness where hernias occur.

Question 13

Tensor fascia lata:

Answer 13

• counters hip extension
• attached to IT band
• innervated by the superior gluteal nerve

Question 14

What is the only muscle that causes knee extension?

Answer 14

qudriceps femoris

Question 15

The four heads of the quadriceps femoris:

Answer 15

• Rectus femoris (superficial)
• Vastus lateralis (lateral)
• Vastus medius (medial)
• Vastus intermedius (deep to rectus, in between lateralis and medius)

Question 16

Rectus femoris:

Answer 16

• most superficial of the four quadriceps femoris heads
• only one that crosses the hip joint - a hip flexor.

Question 17

All four heads of the quadriceps femoris attach to:

Answer 17

• tibial tuberosity of the tibia.
• via the patella, where quadriceps tendon becomes patellar ligament, which then attaches to the tibia.

Question 18

Muscles in the anterior thigh involved in hip flexion:

Answer 18

1. Iliopsoas (psoas major and iliacus)
2. Sartorius
3. Tensor Fascia Lata
4. Rectus Femoris

Question 19

Sartorious:

Answer 19

• two-joint muscle in anterior thigh
• not strong, great mobility
• anterior superior iliac spine to medial tibia
• CROSS LEGS

Question 20

The 6 muscles of the medial thigh:

Answer 20

Superficial: PABALG (L→M)

1. Pectineous (cut in image)
2. Adductor Brevis (AB)
3. Adductor Longus (AL)
4. Gracilis (G)

Deep:

1. Obturator Externus (OE)
2. Adductor Magnus (AM)

Question 21

Gracilis:

Answer 21

• only two joint muscle in medial thigh
• crosses hip and knee flexors.
• “groin strain” - due to hyper abduction.

Question 22

Obturator nerve emerges from the obturator canal and splits into anterior and posterior branches, which are separated by:

Answer 22

• adductor brevis muscle.
• anterior passes on the anterior side of the adductor brevis.

Question 23

Dual innervation of adductor magnus:

Answer 23

1. ADDuctor part (hamstring part from ischial tuberosity) innervated by obturator.
2. EXTensor innervated by the tibial nerve (origin: pubis)

Question 24

All muscles of the posterior thigh are innervated by the tibial nerve except:

Answer 24

• biceps femoris short head: common fibullar nerve

Question 25

Arterial supply to the entire thigh:

Answer 25

* Deep femoral and its branches: * Medial Femoral Circumflex * Lateral Femoral Circumflex * Perforating

Question 26

Common femoral artery:

Answer 26

* circled in black in image * divides into deep femoral and superficial femoral arteries

Question 27

Adductor Hiatus:

Answer 27

* Gap in the abductor magnus muscle the superficial femoral artery goes through to get to the popliteal fossa. * SFA gets tethered in this spot - atherosclerotic disease

Question 28

Femoral triangle:

Answer 28

* Contains (from lateral to medial): * **NAVL (femoral nerve, artery, vein, lymphatics)** * major access point for vascular acccess to the femoral via the femoral canal.

Question 29

Femoral sheath:

Answer 29

* contains the femoral artery, vein, lymphatics in the femoral triangle. * nerve is lateral to the femoral sheath and not contained in femoral sheath * **NAVL (L→M)**

Question 30

Femoral hernia:

Answer 30

* when part of the bowel pushes into the femoral canal, underneath the inguinal ligament.