What are the steps for a Precautionary Search (Prec Search)?
- PANPAN CALL
- Prec altitude at 500’ (2000’)
- Set up wind, downwind, XW, B, E + 10 points
- Initial upwind check for obstacles in US & OS
- Turn final (slight right) 100’: Climb
- Next dummy approach
- Landing run dir checks, final full flap 55kts (250’)
- Advise ATC or owner what happened
What are the key points for power-on and flap stalls?
Power-on = ↓ stall speed
Flaps = ↓ stall speed
Use feet to keep plane straight
AoA = 16°
What are the key actions for Steep Turns?
↑ Attitude + power & rudder
1. 30° + hold → ↑ 45° + power (more back pressure) + rudder right
What is the correct procedure for Steep Descending Turns?
30° → 45° + rudder maintain 80kt
What are possible causes of engine failure in a PFL?
Fuel starvation (out of fuel, contamination, unknown fuel line, blocked vent, uncovered tank outlet)
Incorrect use of mixture control
Carburettor ice
Other mechanical failure (oil line, sheared con rod)
What factors are considered in wind assessment for a PFL?
Smoke, wind vanes or water, cloud shadow
What are the key considerations for field selection during a PFL?
Size: large as possible
Shape: diagonal
Slope: level (uphill ✔, downhill ✖)
Surface: plough or kale (avoid powerlines, roads, trees)
Surroundings: give yourself good under & overshoot area
What immediate actions should be taken in a PFL?
- Carb heat on, mixture rich, fuel on, mags both
- IAS + trim check (idle by 80kt)
If engine fire: mixture idle/cut off, fuel off, 85kt glide, execute PFL
If electrical fire: master switch + all other switches off (not IGN), check circuit breakers
How do you plan the approach for a PFL?
- Height AGL
- Plan L/R into field
- Final turn (500’ AGL), base (1000–1200 AGL) & low key pos (1500 AGL)
- If safe height, plan high key pos (2500 AGL) on crosswind leg
— ADDITIONAL ACTIONS —
6) MAYDAY CALL:
- ‘MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY’
- ATC + Call sign (x3)
- Position + time
- Aircraft type
- Nature of distress
- Captain’s intention
- Any other info
7) Transponder to 7700
8) Reassess Paddock
9) Safety checks (PUSH):
- Passenger briefing (secure loose items, brace, evacuate on command)
10) Make safe:
- Undercarriage
- Shutdown: mags, mix, fuel
- Harness/hatches
9a) After landing:
- Evacuate to safe distance
- Do not attempt to move/restart AC
- Stay with AC if in isolated area
- Notify area/operator/ATC of crash
What are the Trouble Checks in a PFL?
At 1000’ (500’ AGL): FMOST
Fuel on
Mixture rich
Oil/temp check (discontinue if OP & T ok)
Switches: try L, R, both
Throttle: cycle through the range
Prec attitude
15 degrees flaps, 4000RPM, 60Kts
