WRONG

Question 1

What is the definition of VS?

Answer 1

Stall speed in a clean configuration (no flaps or gear).

Question 2

What is VSO?

Answer 2

Stall speed in landing configuration (full flaps, gear down).

Question 3

What is VFE?

Answer 3

Maximum flap extended speed.

Question 4

What is VNO?

Answer 4

Maximum structural cruising speed (do not exceed in turbulence).

Question 5

What is VNE?

Answer 5

Never exceed speed — structural failure may occur beyond this speed.

Question 6

What is VA?

Answer 6

Manoeuvring speed — max speed at which full control deflection won’t cause damage.

Question 7

What is VR?

Answer 7

Rotation speed — speed to start nose-up during takeoff.

Question 8

What is VX?

Answer 8

Best angle of climb — gives maximum altitude in shortest ground distance.

Question 9

What is VY?

Answer 9

Best rate of climb — gives maximum altitude gain per unit time.

Question 10

When is VX higher than VY?

Answer 10

At high density altitude or with engine failure (as drag increases).

Question 11

What are the three basic propeller types?

Answer 11

Fixed pitch, ground-adjustable, constant speed.

Question 12

What does a constant speed propeller do?

Answer 12

Automatically adjusts blade angle to maintain selected RPM.

Question 13

What’s the advantage of a variable pitch prop?

Answer 13

• Fuel efficient in cruise (lower RPM)
• more RPM and acceleration In climb and T/O

Question 14

What scale is the Visual Navigation Chart (VNC)?

Answer 14

1:500,000

Question 15

What information does a VTC (Visual Terminal Chart) provide?

Answer 15

scale 1:250,000.
* topographical (hills River)
* cultural (towns, rivers)
* aeronautical (control zones, prohibited areas)

Question 16

What does a green shaded zone on a VNC indicate?

Answer 16

Controlled airspace like CTA or CTR (Class C or D).

Question 17

What is the highest safe altitude (LSALT)?

Answer 17

Minimum height to provide obstacle clearance based on route.

Question 18

What is the effect of tailwind on takeoff?

Answer 18

Increases takeoff roll and reduces climb performance.

Question 19

What factors increase takeoff distance?

Answer 19

High weight, high density altitude, tailwind, upslope runway.

Question 20

What is density altitude?

Answer 20

Pressure altitude corrected for temperature; high DA = worse performance.

Question 21

What causes carburettor icing?

Answer 21

Low temperature (-10 to 20) and high humidity ( above 50%), particularly at partial throttle settings. ( low throttle settings)

Question 22

What are signs of carburettor ice forming?

Answer 22

Engine roughness, drop in RPM, loss of manifold pressure, throttle response sluggish,complete engine failure if untreated

Question 23

When is carburettor ice most likely to form?

Answer 23

In temperatures between -10°C and +20°C with high humidity.

Question 24

What does carburettor heat do?

Answer 24

anti-icing and de-icing but hot unfiltered air being directed into the carburettor

Question 25

What effect does applying carb heat have on engine performance?

Answer 25

Initial drop in power as warmer, less dense air enters; improves if ice is cleared.

Question 26

Should carburettor heat be used on approach?

Answer 26

Yes, especially when power is reduced — helps prevent ice formation.

Question 27

What is the black hole effect in aviation?

Answer 27

Illusion during night landing without ground lights — makes runway appear farther away.

Question 28

What is the false horizon illusion?

Answer 28

Caused by cloud formations or city lights, leading to misinterpretation of the actual horizon.

Question 29

What is the somatogravic illusion?

Answer 29

Acceleration creates the sensation of pitching up, causing the pilot to push nose down.

Question 30

How to counter visual illusions?

Answer 30

Rely on instruments, maintain proper approach profiles, and stay aware of conditions.

Question 31

Why is visual flight dangerous in low visibility?

Answer 31

You may lose visual reference to the horizon and experience disorientation.

Question 32

When should pilots rely on instruments over visual cues?

Answer 32

In IMC (instrument meteorological conditions) or low visibility.

Question 33

What is spatial disorientation?

Answer 33

When the pilot's perception of direction does not match reality, often in poor visibility.

Question 34

What does WAC stand for?

Answer 34

World Aeronautical Chart.

Question 35

What scale is a WAC?

Answer 35

1:1,000,000 — used for high-level route planning.

Question 36

What chart is used for detailed navigation near controlled zones?

Answer 36

Visual Terminal Chart (VTC) — scale 1:250,000.

Question 37

What chart is used for general low-level VFR navigation?

Answer 37

Visual Navigation Chart (VNC) — scale 1:500,000.

Question 38

What is manifold pressure?

Answer 38

Measurement of the pressure in the intake manifold — indicates engine power in constant speed prop aircraft.

Question 39

What happens when throttle is increased in constant speed prop aircraft?

Answer 39

Manifold pressure increases, then RPM adjusts as governor maintains selected setting.

Question 40

How does altitude affect manifold pressure?

Answer 40

It decreases with altitude due to lower air density.

Question 41

What is density altitude?

Answer 41

Pressure altitude corrected for non-standard temperature — higher DA = poorer performance.

Question 42

How does humidity affect engine performance?

Answer 42

High humidity reduces air density, reducing engine power and climb performance.

Question 43

what charts show controlled airspace

Answer 43

VTC,ERC

Question 44

What happens when a wing is contaminated

Answer 44

disrupts air flow, decreases lift, increases drag and weight, stall at low angles of attack or speeds

Question 45

fine pitch

Answer 45

T/O and climb more RPM more acceleration

Question 46

coarse pitch

Answer 46

cruise, less RPM more fuel efficient

Question 47

Sudden decrease in head wind leads to

Answer 47

decrease in airflow over wings, decrease in lift, undershoot

Question 48

rain, haze,fog

Answer 48

overestimate distance

Question 49

diff between hypoxia and co

Answer 49

CO poisoning can cause unique symptoms like cherry-red skin and lips, and delayed neurological effects. Hypoxia, on the other hand, can have symptoms related to the underlying cause