Topic 4 - Shock

Question 1

Mild hypovolemic shock - amount of blood loss and physiological findings

Answer 1

• Up to 15% blood volume loss (750ml in 70kg adult)
• Minimal or no tachycardia
• No change in SBP

Question 2

Moderate hypovolemic shock - amount of blood loss and physiological findings

Answer 2

• 15-30% (750-1500ml)
• Tachycardia
• Hypotension
• Peripheral hypoperfusion
• ALOC

Question 3

Severe hypovolemic shock - amount of blood loss and physiological findings

Answer 3

• >40% (2L)
• Hemodynamic compensation at limit
• Imminent decompensation
• ALOC

Question 4

Hypovolemic shock management

Answer 4

Question 5

Cannulation - number of attempts

Answer 5

• Limit to three unless the urgency of the case demands more

Question 6

Sites not to cannulate

Answer 6

• ACF when pPCI is anticipated
• Lower limbs in instance of suspected or evident pelvic, abdominal or thoracic trauma
• Distal to a complex limb injury
• Limb with a fistula present
• An area or cellulitis or phlebitis
• Limb with lymphodema