Topic Guide 3

Question 1

What is common on cell walls?

Answer 1

Peptidoglycan

Question 2

Short string of amino acids that link strings of NAG and NAM

Answer 2

Peptidoglycan

Question 3

What is the function of technoic acids?

Answer 3

Links PG to plasma membrane

Question 4

Two major components of gram positive bacteria

Answer 4

1. Thick layer of PG
2. Techoic acids

Question 5

Thick layer of PG and techoic acids

Answer 5

Gram positive cells

Question 6

Space between plasma membrane and outer layer

Answer 6

Periplasm

Question 7

Type with thin PG

Answer 7

Gram Negative

Question 8

What is in the periplasm?

Answer 8

PG, linker molecules, secreted molecules

Question 9

What is the outermembrane of a Gram negative composed of?

Answer 9

Phospholipids, porin proteins, Lipid A, Lipopolysaccharide

Question 10

What is Liposaccharide (LPS)

Answer 10

Lipid A and long sugars

Question 11

What is special about Mycobacterial Envelope structure?

Answer 11

Waxy, repels water

Question 12

What is the Mycobacterial envelope composed of?

Answer 12

Thick pepidoglycan, sugars, very long lipids

Question 13

Where can mycobacterial envelope cells survive that others can’t?

Answer 13

Low water/drier environments

Question 14

Why do cells with Mycobacterial envelope have decreased cell division?

Answer 14

Less access to water and other nutrients

Question 15

What is a benefit of cells with mycobacterial envelope?

Answer 15

Protection

Question 16

Three external cell structures

Answer 16

Flagellum, fimbria, pilus

Question 17

What does a flagellum look like?

Answer 17

Long tail-like structure

Question 18

External cell structure that is attached to envelope and spins

Answer 18

Flagellum

Question 19

What is a flagella made of?

Answer 19

Proteins

Question 20

What do fimbriae looks like?

Answer 20

Multiple short tail-like structures

Question 21

What is the function of flagellum?

Answer 21

Movement to more favorable environments

Question 22

What is the function of fimbrae?

Answer 22

Attachment to surfaces to stay in favorable environments

Question 23

What is the structure of a pilus?

Answer 23

Long, hollow tube made of proteins

Question 24

What is special about pilus?

Answer 24

They can connect to other bacteria cells

Question 25

Pilus functions

Answer 25

Transport DNA between cells

Question 26

Multispecies communal growth

Answer 26

Biofilm

Question 27

Step one of biofilm formation

Answer 27

Attachment to surface, multiplication

Question 28

What to biofilm cells do after they attach and start multiplying?

Answer 28

Produce a polysaccharide matrix and continue to multiply

Question 29

What does the polysaccharide production do for Biofilm cells?

Answer 29

Connects them, allows for sharing nutrients and H2O

Question 30

What can biofilm cells do?

Answer 30

Leave and die

Question 31

Benefits for bacteria in a biofilm

Answer 31

Protection, nutrients, faster growth

Question 32

Challenges for host with biofilm

Answer 32

Hard to remove and kill cells

Question 33

What is bacterial cell division called?

Answer 33

Binary fusion

Question 34

1st step of binary fusion

Answer 34

DNA Replication

Question 35

What does a cell do after replication its DNA in binary fusion

Answer 35

Cell elongates

Question 36

What does a cell membrane do after cell elongates in binary fusion

Answer 36

Forms down the center

Question 37

Last step of binary fusion

Answer 37

Cell splits into two cells

Question 38

Speed of binary fusion

Answer 38

Fast for most species

Question 39

Cells in a favorable environment that are rapidly dividing

Answer 39

Vegetative cells

Question 40

What do vegetative cells do when their environment becomes unfavorable?

Answer 40

Sporulation, become endospores

Question 41

What is the first step in sporulation?

Answer 41

DNA replication

Question 42

Sporulation step after DNA replication

Answer 42

Plasma membrane forms around each set of DNA

Question 43

How does an endospore form after plasma membrane forms around it?

Answer 43

A second layer forms, proteins and peptidoglycan around and between it

Question 44

What happens to the vegetative cells after endospore is formed?

Answer 44

Releases endospore and dies

Question 45

Endospore components

Answer 45

Genome and hard coating

Question 46

What makes an endospore special regarding metabolics?

Answer 46

Metabolically inactive

Question 47

How to endospores benefit bacteria?

Answer 47

Preserves bacteria in stressful environment

Question 48

What can an endospore do when the environment becomes stable?

Answer 48

Germinates back into vegetative cell

Question 49

What challenge does endospore pose for the host?

Answer 49

Very hard to destroy

Question 50

Receives energy from chemicals

Answer 50

Chemotroph

Question 51

Receives energy from light

Answer 51

Phototroph

Question 52

Receives energy from organic molecules (Sugar, lipids, proteins)

Answer 52

Heterotroph

Question 53

Receives energy from CO2

Answer 53

Autotroph

Question 54

What is body temp in celcius?

Answer 54

37 C

Question 55

What happens to cells when they are too cold?

Answer 55

Slowed reactions

Question 56

What happens to cells when they are too hot?

Answer 56

Disrupts bonds, molecules fall apart