u1 final

Question 1

purpose of enzymes

Answer 1

to speed up chemical reactions in the body

Question 2

how enzymes work

Answer 2

weakens bonds and lowers activation energy (the energy needed to start a chemical reaction)

Question 3

uses of enzymes in the body

Answer 3

lipase is produced by the pancreas and used for fat digestion

Question 4

uses of enzymes in the industry

Answer 4

lactase is used to make lactose free diary products

Question 5

induced fit model

Answer 5

active site changes slightly to fit the substrate as it binds

Question 6

5 factors affecting enzyme activity

Answer 6

1. temperature
2. pH
3. concentration and surface area
4. cofactors, coenzymes
5. enzyme inhibition

Question 7

temperature and enzymes

Answer 7

optimum temperature is 37-45 deg celcius
below: colder molecules move more slowly, resulting in less collisions
optimum: higher rates of enzyme-substrate complex
above: active site changes as heat changes the 3d structure

Question 8

enzyme substrate complex

Answer 8

the state where an enzyme is attaching to a substrate

Question 9

ph and enzymes

Answer 9

enzyme denatures when its too high or too low

Question 10

concentration of substrate/enzyme affection on function

Answer 10

as the concentration is higher, the rates of reaction increases

Question 11

cofactors and coenzymes effect on enzyme function

Answer 11

inorganic substances and vitamins are needed to bind to an enzyme to make it active

Question 12

enzyme inhibitors effect on enzyme function

Answer 12

competitive: chemicals that resemble the substrate enough so they can attach to the active site -> blocks actual substrate from binding
noncompetitive: doesn’t enter the active site, binds to another part so that the active site changes shape

Question 13

allosteric sites

Answer 13

binds to another molecule to slow/stop enzyme activity

Question 14

positive feedback

Answer 14

product of a reaction naturally inc enzyme activity

Question 15

negative feedback

Answer 15

final product of a pathway inhibits an enzyme earlier in the pathway

Question 16

diabetes

Answer 16

eihter the body cant produce insulin or it cant use insulin, cant regulate sugar in bloodstream

Question 17

glycemic load

Answer 17

measures the food impact on blood sugar from the total carbs plus glycemic index

Question 18

passive transport

Answer 18

no energy required

Question 19

active transport

Answer 19

energy required