u2 crispr

Question 1

crispr stands for

Answer 1

clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats

Question 2

what is crispr cas9 used for and why

Answer 2

used in labs to edit genes, is quick, cheap and accurate

Question 3

whats crispr

Answer 3

naturally occuring genome editing mechanism thats used for immune defense in bacteria

Question 4

crispr in bacteria

Answer 4

when a virus enters, cas proteins capture part of the viral dna and insert it into their own dna to create crispr arrays
–> guide rna guides cas9 protein and cuts the viral dna

Question 5

crispr in humans

Answer 5

1. guide rna is created thats complimentary to target dna sequence
2. guide rna attaches to cas9 enzyme and helps recognize target sequence
3. cas9 enzyme bings to target sequence and cuts both strands of dna
4. uses non homologous or homology-directed repair after the cut

Question 6

non homologous end joining

Answer 6

no template used to make repairs, is prone to mistakes and can often lead to insertion or deletion mutations (which makes the gene inactive)

Question 7

homology-directed repair

Answer 7

uses dna template prov by researches
–> they can change dna sequence to code for diff proteins
–> less prone to mistakes
–> can be used to introduce new genes and fix naturally occuring mutations

Question 8

applicatoins and ethics of crispr

Answer 8

treat genetic disorders, modify orgs for bioremediation

Question 9

what r gm crops

Answer 9

plants that have been genetically modified using genetic engineering
- new traits (pest resistance, etc)
- corns, soybeans, cotton, etc.

Question 10

how does gm crops work

Answer 10

genetic engineering to introduce a desired gene from another organism, then put into plants dna

Question 11

what processes are invovled in gm crops

Answer 11

1. isolate gene
2. transfer gene into plant cell
3. regenerating new plant from modified cells

Question 12

gm crops usage in society

Answer 12

1. pest resistance: pest toxic genes are introduced into the dna, which make it undersirable for pests but okay for humans
2. longer shelf life: prevents spoilage thru genetic technology (rna interface)
3. nutrition: inc the plants production of vitamins and amino acids
4. inc yield: using crispr/cas9, crops can be engineered to withstand tough conditions

Question 13

ethical implications of gm crops

Answer 13

1. allergens and toxins that may be harmful to humans/environment
2. gene that is harmful for humans may get coded into the plant
3. consumers lack of knowledge on whether or not the plant has been genetically modified