Unit 2

Question 1

define the biomechanical contributions to muscle stiffness and the neurological drivers to muscle tone

Answer 1

Question 2

List impairments associated with hypertonicity

Answer 2

Question 3

List interventions utilized to decrease muscle tone

Answer 3

Question 4

Heat therapy: Explain indications, contra indications, precautions, and application parameters

Answer 4

Question 5

Explain principles and applications from massage therapy, myofascial release, and trigger point therapy

Answer 5

Question 6

Explain applications and principles for instrumental soft tissue mobilization

Answer 6

Question 7

Cupping therapy: Explain principles, application, indications, absolute/local contraindications, precautions, and application parameters

Answer 7

Question 8

Explain indications, contra-indications, precautions, and application parameters for dry needling

Answer 8

Question 9

Explain the physiological basis for DN

Answer 9

Question 10

Explain the etiology of TrPs

Answer 10

Question 11

Explain superficial vs deep local twitch response

Answer 11

Question 12

What does the stimulation of TrPs activate?

Answer 12

Question 13

Define PPT, Allodynia, Hyperalgesia, Central sensitization

Answer 13

Question 14

List potential complications with DN

Answer 14

Question 15

Explain disease transmission in DN

Answer 15

Question 16

Explain DN vs acupuncture

Answer 16

Question 17

What are the indications for DN?

Answer 17

Question 18

What are the rules of needling?

Answer 18

Question 19

DN summary 1

Answer 19

Question 20

What are the contraindications for DN?

Answer 20

Question 21

What are the precautions of DN?

Answer 21

Question 22

How to apply DN?

Answer 22

Question 23

What are possible side effects from DN?

Answer 23

Question 24

What are the types and application parameters for biofeedback techniques?

Answer 24

Question 25

Define biofeedback

Answer 25

Question 26

Explain surface EMG

Answer 26

Question 27

Explain the physical principles of biofeedback

Answer 27

Question 28

Explain the effects/responses from biofeedback

Answer 28

Question 29

Where is the biofeedback probe placed in sensory vs motor testing?

Answer 29

Question 30

Explain neuromuscular inhibition

Answer 30

Question 31

Explain neuromuscular coordination

Answer 31

Question 32

What are the clinical indications for EMG biofeedback?

Answer 32

Question 33

Clinical diagnostics uses summary 1

Answer 33

Question 34

What are the precautions and contraindications of EMG biofeedback?

Answer 34

Question 35

What are the adverse effects of biofeedback?

Answer 35

Question 36

What are the application techniques for biofeedback?

Answer 36

Question 37

Label each headache type

Answer 37

Question 38

Explain the classification of Cerviocegenic HA’s

Answer 38

Question 39

Neck pain with mobility deficits evidence summary

Answer 39

Question 40

High voltage pulsed current (HVPC) - explain physiological basis, key treatment parameters, safety considerations, adjusting parameters, and integration in PT

Answer 40

Question 41

Biofeedback - explain physiological basis, key treatment parameters, safety considerations, adjusting parameters, and integration in PT

Answer 41

Question 42

Laser therapy - explain physiological basis, key treatment parameters, safety considerations, adjusting parameters, and integration in PT

Answer 42

Question 43

Pulsed ultrasound - explain physiological basis, key treatment parameters, safety considerations, adjusting parameters, and integration in PT

Answer 43

Question 44

Iontophoresis - explain physiological basis, key treatment parameters, safety considerations, adjusting parameters, and integration in PT

Answer 44

Question 45

Why use e-stim?

Answer 45

Question 46

Define voltage, current, resistance, and OHM’s law

Answer 46

Question 47

Explain the current types: AC, DC, PC

Answer 47

Question 48

Explain waveform phases and pulse duration

Answer 48

Question 49

Explain waveform frequency and amplitude

Answer 49

Question 50

Explain waveform ramp time and treatment duration

Answer 50

Question 51

Define gait control theory, endogenous opioid release, and brief intense TENS

Answer 51

Question 52

NMES - explain its use for muscle strengthening, and muscle re-education

Answer 52

Question 53

NMES - explain its use in reduction of muscle atrophy, muscles spasm reduction, and functional electrical stimulation (FES)

Answer 53

Question 54

Edema reduction - Explain the mechanism, parameters, and integration with other interventions

Answer 54

Question 55

In tissue healing and wound care: explain electrical field effects, enhanced cellular activity, and HVPC

Answer 55

Question 56

Iontophoresis - explain mechanism, positive/negative electrodes, and parameters

Answer 56

Question 57

What are the nerve fiber classification/recruitment?

Answer 57

Question 58

List the absolute/relative contraindications for e-stim

Answer 58

Question 59

Explain electrode application and effects during/after treatment

Answer 59

Question 60

E-stim clinical decision making summary

Answer 60

Question 61

Compare e-stim modalities

Answer 61

Question 62

Explain outcome measure for e-stim modalities

Answer 62

Question 63

How can e-stim modalities be integrated with other interventions?

Answer 63

Question 64

List common e-stim mistakes and how to fix them

Answer 64

Question 65

E-stim clinical pearls 1

Answer 65

Question 66

E-stim evidence summary 1

Answer 66

Question 67

E-stim summary 2

Answer 67

Question 68

Glossary summary

Answer 68

Question 69

Current type, frequency, pulse duration, amplitude, ON/OFF, and duration for: 1) conventional TENS, 2) acupuncture TENS, 3) muscle strengthening, 4) muscle re-education, 5) edema reduction, 6) HVPC, 7) Iontophoresis

Answer 69

Question 70

Answer 70

A, B

Question 71

Answer 71

D, A

Question 72

Answer 72

A, A

Question 73

Answer 73

D, C

Question 74

Answer 74

D, A

Question 75

Answer 75

B, A

Question 76

Answer 76

B, B

Question 77

Answer 77

A, C

Question 78

Answer 78

A, A

Question 79

Answer 79

A, D