What was a main impact on classical liberalism in the 19th century?
The Industrial Revolution, which produced extremes of both wealth and poverty. It also produced child labour, worker abuse, and the destruction of the environment
Luddites
A group of angry workers that broke into factories and smashed equipment during the Industrial Revolution. Luddites were considered to be reactionary because of the violence they used
Insubordination
The act of willingly disobeying the orders of one’s superior (a student defying a teacher, etc.)
Robber barons
People who have become rich due to their ruthless business practices
Labour movements
Labour movements were a result of the conditions of classical liberalism. They were put in place to give workers an equal voice that advocated for personal and workplace rights. This is when people began to believe in equal opportunity
Chartism/Chartists
A group that resisted the effects of classical-liberalism by creating a massive labour movement aimed at political and social reform. This ended with Reform Acts that focused on electoral change
What was the biggest change that emerged from the Reform Acts
Equalized representation (working men and agricultural workers received the right to vote
Factory Acts
A series of laws passed in Great Britain to make better working conditions for women and children. These laws promoted liberalism, and protected the rights of all workers
Labour Unions
Created to secure good wages for workers, and prevent human rights violations. Unions often use strikes or work stoppages to bring about change
Feminism
The belief that men and women are to be treated equally in all respects
Suffragists
A group of women that lobbied for increased women’s rights including the right to vote
Bill of Rights: 19th Amendment
This gave women the right to vote
Voting Rights
The concept of every individual adult receiving the right to vote, which is also known as universal suffrage. Through liberalism, all citizens, no matter what their identity, have a right to an equal vote in political decisions
Epistocracy
A political system that gives political power according to someones knowledge, competence, or status
Edmund Burke
An elitist who did not believe in the extremes of a monarchy, or the radical left democracy, although he did think that the government should only be left to those with wisdom and experience.
Socialism
A belief that workers should collectively own the means of production, and have their wealth be distributed equally. Overall, socialism aligns with collectivism, which is the common good of society
Democratic Socialism
A form of socialism which allows for some private ownership, but is still characterized by heavy government intervention to achieve the welfare state
Welfare State
A government that supplies lots of supports to its citizens such as money, healthcare, education, and housing. A welfare state is a left-wing policy, as it aims to benefit the common good of society
Cradle to Grave Economics
A democratic socialist government policy where the government provides for its citizens from the moment they’re born, to the moment they die
How are Cradle to Grave Economics accomplished?
By using progressive taxation, which is a system where those with higher incomes pay a larger percentage of said income to the government
Stimulus Packages
A package of social programs used to reinvigorate a floundering economy, and prevent a recession
Occupy Movement
An organized protest in NYC’s financial district. A group of activists stood against corporate greed, social inequality, and economic disparity by camping out and occupying the streets of New York
What does the slogan “We are the 99%” stand for?
This slogan is essentially a criticism on economic disparity, demonstrating that the vast majority of people (99%) are economically disadvantaged, compared to the 1% which holds an unfair amount of wealth
Universal Basic Income
A program where citizens may be given a regular sum of money from their government to assist in eliminating poverty; usually with “no strings attached”
