Unit 4

Question 1

National Bank

Answer 1

Created by Alexander Hamilton to stabilize the economy, store government funds, and issue currency; opposed by Jeffersonians who thought it was unconstitutional.

Question 2

Hamilton’s Financial Plan

Answer 2

Alexander Hamilton’s plan to pay off national debt, create a national bank, and support manufacturing through tariffs and taxes.

Question 3

Funding at Par

Answer 3

Policy to repay federal debts at full value to restore government credit after the Revolution.

Question 4

Judiciary Act of 1789

Answer 4

Law that created the federal court system, including the Supreme Court and lower courts.

Question 5

Proclamation of Neutrality

Answer 5

Washington’s statement that the U.S. would stay neutral in the war between France and Britain.

Question 6

Jay Treaty

Answer 6

Treaty with Britain that resolved trade and border issues but angered France and Jeffersonians.

Question 7

Pinckney Treaty with Spain

Answer 7

Agreement giving Americans access to the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans.

Question 8

Treaty of Greenville

Answer 8

Ended fighting with Native Americans in the Northwest Territory after their defeat at the Battle of Fallen Timbers.

Question 9

Citizen Genet

Answer 9

French diplomat who tried to get Americans to support France’s war, challenging U.S. neutrality.

Question 10

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 10

Farmers’ protest against a tax on whiskey; Washington sent troops to show federal authority.

Question 11

Democratic-Republicans

Answer 11

Political party led by Thomas Jefferson that favored states’ rights and an agricultural economy.

Question 12

Washington’s Farewell Address

Answer 12

Warned against political parties and permanent foreign alliances.

Question 13

John Adams

Answer 13

Second U.S. president; Federalist who passed the Alien and Sedition Acts and avoided war with France

Question 14

XYZ Affair

Answer 14

Incident where French officials demanded bribes from U.S. diplomats, leading to anti-French feelings.

Question 15

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 15

Laws passed by Adams that limited speech against the government and targeted immigrants.

Question 16

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Answer 16

Written by Jefferson and Madison, arguing states could nullify unconstitutional federal laws.

Question 17

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 17

Third U.S. president; made the Louisiana Purchase and supported limited government.

Question 18

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 18

Land deal with France in 1803 that doubled U.S. size and opened land for westward expansion.

Question 19

Corps of Discovery (Lewis and Clark)

Answer 19

Expedition sent by Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Territory and find a route to the Pacific.

Question 20

Embargo Act of 1807

Answer 20

Law banning trade with all foreign nations to protect U.S. ships; hurt American merchants.

Question 21

Era of Good Feelings

Answer 21

Period of national unity after the War of 1812, when only one political party existed.

Question 22

John Marshall

Answer 22

Chief Justice who strengthened federal power and the Supreme Court’s authority.

Question 23

Marbury v. Madison

Answer 23

Established judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional.

Question 24

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 24

Supreme Court case that upheld the National Bank and reinforced federal supremacy over states.

Question 25

Gibbons v. Ogden

Answer 25

Strengthened Congress’s power to regulate interstate commerce.

Question 26

Impressment

Answer 26

British practice of forcing American sailors into their navy, one cause of the War of 1812.

Question 27

War of 1812

Answer 27

War between the U.S. and Britain over trade restrictions and impressment; boosted U.S. nationalism.

Question 28

Andrew Jackson

Answer 28

Hero of the War of 1812 and 7th U.S. president; known for populism, Indian removal, and expanding democracy.

Question 29

Hartford Convention

Answer 29

Federalist meeting during the War of 1812 that opposed the war; led to the party’s decline.

Question 30

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 30

Policy warning Europe not to colonize or interfere in the Americas.

Question 31

Market Revolution

Answer 31

Period of economic change with new technologies (canals, railroads, factories) and shift to a market economy.

Question 32

Lowell Mills

Answer 32

Textile factories in Massachusetts that employed young women; symbol of early industrialization.

Question 33

American System (Henry Clay)

Answer 33

Plan to strengthen the economy with a national bank, tariffs, and internal improvements.

Question 34

Second Bank of the U.S.

Answer 34

Reestablished the national bank to control money supply and credit; opposed by Jackson.

Question 35

Panic of 1819

Answer 35

First major U.S. economic depression caused by bank failures and land speculation.

Question 36

Sectionalism

Answer 36

Loyalty to one’s region rather than the nation, especially over slavery and economic issues.

Question 37

Tariff of Abominations

Answer 37

High tariff passed in 1828 that angered the South and led to the Nullification Crisis

Question 38

Missouri Compromise

Answer 38

1820 agreement admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as free; banned slavery north of 36°30′ line.

Question 39

Tallmadge Amendment

Answer 39

Proposed law to ban slavery in Missouri; failed but increased sectional tensions.

Question 40

Indian Removal Act

Answer 40

Law signed by Jackson forcing Native Americans west of the Mississippi River.

Question 41

Worcester v. Georgia

Answer 41

Supreme Court case that ruled in favor of Native Americans; Jackson ignored it.

Question 42

Force Act

Answer 42

Law allowing Jackson to use the military to enforce federal tariffs during the Nullification Crisis.

Question 43

Nullification Crisis

Answer 43

Conflict when South Carolina tried to nullify the Tariff of Abominations; Jackson opposed it.

Question 44

Whigs (Henry Clay)

Answer 44

Political party opposing Jackson; supported Congress-led government and modernization.

Question 45

Universal White Male Suffrage

Answer 45

Expansion of voting rights to all white men, not just property owners; key part of Jacksonian democracy.