Unit 5

Question 1

Second American Revolution

Answer 1

A term historians use to describe how the Civil War caused major changes in the United States, especially ending slavery and increasing the power of the federal government.

Question 2

Jefferson Davis

Answer 2

The president of the Confederate States of America who led the South during the Civil War.

Question 3

Alexander H. Stephens

Answer 3

Vice president of the Confederacy who openly supported slavery as the foundation of the Southern government.

Question 4

Anaconda Plan

Answer 4

A Union strategy to defeat the Confederacy by blockading Southern ports and controlling the Mississippi River to cut off supplies.

Question 5

General Stonewall Jackson

Answer 5

A Confederate general known for strong leadership and quick attacks, especially in early battles.

Question 6

George B. McClellan

Answer 6

A Union general who organized the army well but was criticized for being too cautious and slow to fight.

Question 7

Robert E. Lee

Answer 7

The main Confederate general who led the Army of Northern Virginia and was respected by both sides.

Question 8

Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 8

The leading Union general who used total war strategies and later became president.

Question 9

Trent Affair

Answer 9

A diplomatic crisis when the Union stopped a British ship carrying Confederate diplomats, almost causing war with Britain.

Question 10

Cotton Diplomacy

Answer 10

A failed Confederate strategy that believed Europe would support the South because they needed cotton

Question 11

Gettysburg

Answer 11

A major 1863 battle and turning point in the Civil War where the Union stopped Lee’s invasion of the North.

Question 12

Sherman’s March to the Sea

Answer 12

A Union campaign that destroyed Southern infrastructure to weaken morale and end the war faster.

Question 13

Appomattox Courthouse

Answer 13

The location where General Lee surrendered to Grant in 1865, effectively ending the Civil War

Question 14

Suspension of Habeas Corpus

Answer 14

Lincoln temporarily allowed people to be arrested without trial to protect the Union during the war.

Question 15

Confiscation Acts

Answer 15

Laws that allowed the Union to seize Confederate property and free enslaved people used to support the rebellion.

Question 16

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 16

Lincoln’s 1863 order that freed enslaved people in Confederate states and made ending slavery a war goal.

Question 17

Massachusetts 54th Regiment

Answer 17

One of the first African American regiments in the Union Army, proving Black soldiers could fight effectively.

Question 18

Copperheads

Answer 18

Northern Democrats who opposed the war and wanted peace with the Confederacy.

Question 19

Ex Parte Milligan

Answer 19

Supreme Court case stating civilians cannot be tried by military courts when civilian courts are open.

Question 20

NYC Draft Riots

Answer 20

Violent riots in 1863 caused by anger over the draft and racial tensions.

Question 21

Election of 1864

Answer 21

Presidential election where Lincoln defeated McClellan, showing continued Northern support for the war.

Question 22

Gettysburg Address

Answer 22

A speech by Lincoln emphasizing democracy, equality, and the purpose of the war.

Question 23

Greenbacks

Answer 23

Paper money issued by the Union to help pay for the war.

Question 24

Morrill Tariff Act (1861)

Answer 24

Raised tariffs to protect Northern industries and help fund the government.

Question 25

Homestead Act (1862)

Answer 25

Law that gave free land to settlers willing to farm it, encouraging westward expansion.

Question 26

Morrill Land Grant Act (1862)

Answer 26

Provided land to states to fund public colleges focused on agriculture and engineering.

Question 27

Pacific Railway Act (1862

Answer 27

Gave government support to build the transcontinental railroad.

Question 28

Andrew Johnson

Answer 28

Lincoln’s vice president who became president and had conflicts with Congress over Reconstruction.

Question 29

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

Answer 29

Lincoln’s plan that offered forgiveness to the South and made rejoining the Union easier.

Question 30

Wade-Davis Bill

Answer 30

A stricter Reconstruction plan requiring most Southern men to swear loyalty before states could rejoin.

Question 31

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 31

Federal agency that helped formerly enslaved people with education, jobs, and legal support.

Question 32

Radical Republicans

Answer 32

Members of Congress who wanted to punish the South and protect African American rights.

Question 33

13th Amendment

Answer 33

Constitutional amendment that permanently ended slavery in the United States.

Question 34

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Answer 34

Law that granted citizenship and equal rights to African Americans.

Question 35

14th Amendment

Answer 35

Amendment that guaranteed citizenship and equal protection under the law.

Question 36

Reconstruction Acts of 1867

Answer 36

Laws that divided the South into military districts and enforced new governments.

Question 37

Tenure of Office Act

Answer 37

Law that limited the president’s power to remove officials, leading to Johnson’s impeachment.

Question 38

15th Amendment

Answer 38

Amendment that gave African American men the right to vote.

Question 39

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Answer 39

Law aimed at ending segregation in public spaces, later ruled unconstitutional.

Question 40

Scalawags

Answer 40

Southern whites who supported Reconstruction and worked with Republicans

Question 41

Carpetbaggers

Answer 41

Northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction, often for political or economic reasons.

Question 42

Grant’s corruption

Answer 42

Scandals involving government officials during Grant’s presidency that hurt Reconstruction efforts.

Question 43

Panic of 1873

Answer 43

A major economic depression that reduced Northern support for Reconstruction.