Unit 7 Part 2

Question 1

Standard of Living

Answer 1

The level of wealth, comfort, and material goods available to people (rose for many Americans in the 1920s).

Question 2

Scientific Management / Fordism

Answer 2

A system by Frederick Winslow Taylor that increased efficiency by studying tasks; used by Henry Ford with assembly lines and higher wages.

Question 3

Welfare Capitalism

Answer 3

Businesses provided benefits (higher pay, pensions, recreation) to workers to discourage unions.

Question 4

Hollywood / Movie Industry

Answer 4

Film industry centered in Hollywood that became a major entertainment and cultural influence in the 1920s.

Question 5

Charles Lindbergh

Answer 5

Pilot who made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic in 1927, becoming a national hero.

Question 6

Fundamentalism (Religion)

Answer 6

Conservative religious movement insisting on a literal interpretation of the Bible and opposing modern ideas like evolution.

Question 7

Scopes Trial

Answer 7

Court case where a teacher was tried for teaching evolution, symbolizing the conflict between modern science and religious fundamentalism.

Question 8

Prohibition – Eighteenth Amendment

Answer 8

Banned the manufacture and sale of alcohol in the U.S. (1920–1933).

Question 9

Al Capone

Answer 9

Famous gangster who made money through illegal alcohol sales and organized crime during Prohibition.

Question 10

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti

Answer 10

Immigrants convicted of murder in a controversial trial many believed was influenced by anti-immigrant prejudice.

Question 11

Quota Laws

Answer 11

Immigration laws in the 1920s that limited immigrants from certain countries to favor northern Europeans.

Question 12

Harlem Renaissance

Answer 12

Cultural movement in Harlem where Black writers, artists, and musicians celebrated African American culture in the 1920s.

Question 13

Marcus Garvey – Back-to-Africa Movement

Answer 13

Promoted Black pride and encouraged African Americans to return to Africa and build their own nation.

Question 14

Calvin Coolidge

Answer 14

Republican president (1923–1929) who supported limited government and pro-business policies.

Question 15

Herbert Hoover

Answer 15

President when the Great Depression began; favored limited government aid and voluntary cooperation.

Question 16

Black Tuesday

Answer 16

October 29, 1929; massive stock selling that marked the collapse of the stock market.

Question 17

Buying on Margin

Answer 17

Purchasing stocks with borrowed money, paying only a small part upfront.

Question 18

Bank Failures

Answer 18

Banks closed during the Great Depression when people rushed to withdraw money they had loaned out.

Question 19

Gross National Product (GNP)

Answer 19

Total value of all goods and services produced by a country in a year.

Question 20

Stock Market Crash

Answer 20

The sudden collapse of stock prices in 1929 that helped trigger the Great Depression.

Question 21

Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act

Answer 21

Raised tariffs on imports, worsening the global economic downturn.

Question 22

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Answer 22

Government agency created by Hoover to give loans to banks and businesses during the Depression.

Question 23

Bonus March

Answer 23

1932 protest where WWI veterans demanded early payment of promised bonuses.

Question 24

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Answer 24

– President who led the U.S. through the Great Depression and WWII and created the New Deal.

Question 25

Warren G. Harding

Answer 25

– President (1921–1923) associated with scandals and a return to pro-business policies.

Question 26

Teapot Dome Scandal –

Answer 26

Government officials secretly leased federal oil reserves for bribes.

Question 27

Brain Trust –

Answer 27

Group of advisors who helped Roosevelt design New Deal programs.

Question 28

New Deal –

Answer 28

Roosevelt’s programs aimed at relief, recovery, and reform during the Great Depression.

Question 29

Bank Holiday –

Answer 29

Temporary closing of banks in 1933 to stop bank runs and restore confidence.

Question 30

Fireside Chats –

Answer 30

Radio speeches where Roosevelt explained policies directly to Americans.

Question 31

CCC – Civilian Conservation Corps

Answer 31

– New Deal program giving young men jobs doing environmental work.

Question 32

TVA –Tennessee Valley Authority

Answer 32

– New Deal program that built dams and provided electricity to the rural South.

Question 33

Emergency Banking Relief Act –

Answer 33

Law that stabilized banks and allowed only financially sound banks to reopen.

Question 34

FDIC – Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation –

Answer 34

Government agency insuring bank deposits to prevent bank runs.

Question 35

SEC – Securities and Exchange Commission –

Answer 35

Agency created to regulate the stock market and prevent fraud.

Question 36

Second New Deal –

Answer 36

Later New Deal programs (1935–1938) focusing more on workers’ rights and social welfare.

Question 37

Social Security Act –

Answer 37

Law creating pensions for the elderly, unemployment insurance, and aid to the disabled.

Question 38

Wagner Act –

Answer 38

Protected workers’ rights to form unions and bargain collectively.

Question 39

Father Charles Coughlin –

Answer 39

Catholic priest who used radio to criticize the New Deal and banks

Question 40

Court Packing –

Answer 40

Roosevelt’s failed plan to add more justices to the Supreme Court to gain support for New Deal laws.

Question 41

John L. Lewis

Answer 41

– Leader of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) who organized industrial workers.

Question 42

Fair Labor Standards Act

Answer 42

– Set minimum wage, maximum work hours, and restricted child labor.

Question 43

Dust Bowl / Okies

Answer 43

– Severe 1930s drought and dust storms in the Great Plains that forced many farmers (“Okies”) to migrate west, especially to California.