Unit 4, Chapter 23

Question 1

Tweed ring

Answer 1

• A symbol of gilded age corruption
• “boss” tweed and his deputies ran the New York City Democratic Party in the 1860s and swindled $200 million from the city
• boss tweed was eventually put in and died in jail

Question 2

Crédit mobiller scandal (1872)

Answer 2

-Construction company was formed by owners of the Union Pacific railroad or the purpose of receiving government contracts to build the railroad at highly inflated prices and profits

Question 3

Panic of 1873

Answer 3

-Worldwide depression that began in the us when on of the nations largest banks abruptly declared bankruptcy, leading to the collapse of thousands of banks and businesses

Question 4

Gilded age (1865-1896)

Answer 4

-term given by mark twain, indicating both the fabulous wealth and the widespread poverty

Question 5

“Waving the bloody shirt”

Answer 5

-The use of civil war imagery by political candidates and parties to draw votes to their side of the ticket

Question 6

Patronage (gilded age)

Answer 6

• System in which political parties granted jobs and favors to party regulars who delivered votes on Election Day
• source of conflict within the Republican Party

Question 7

Comprimise of 1877

Answer 7

• agreement that finally resolved the 1876 election and officials ended reconstruction
• the deal effectively completed the southern return to white-only, democratic-dominated electoral politics

Question 8

Civil rights act of 1875

Answer 8

• The last piece of federal civil rights legislation until the 1950s
• law promised equal access to public accommodations and banned racism in jury selection, but provided no means of enforcement, so it was ineffective

Question 9

Sharecropping

Answer 9

• An agricultural system that emerged after the Civil War in which black-and-white farmers rented land and residences from a plantation owner in exchange for giving him a certain share of each year’s crop
• dominant form of agriculture after the Civil War

Question 10

Jim Crow-system

Answer 10

• A racial segregation in the American south from the end of reconstruction until the mid 20th century
• System sought to prevent racial mixing in public

Question 11

Chinese exclusion act (1882)

Answer 11

• Federal legislation that prohibited most future Chinese immigration to the US
• first major restriction on immigration in US history

Question 12

Pendleton act (1883)

Answer 12

-Congressional legislation that established the Civil Service Commission which granted Federal government jobs on the bias of examinations instead of political patronage

Question 13

Homestead strike (1892)

Answer 13

• The strike at Carnegie steel plant in Homestead, Pennsylvania that ended in an armed battle between the strikers
• The strike was part of a nationwide wave of labor unrest in the summer of 1892 that helped the populists gain some support from industrial workers

Question 14

Grandfather clause

Answer 14

-A regulation established in many southern states in the 1890s that exempted from voting requirements (literacy tests and poll taxes) to anyone that could prove their ancestors could vote in 1860

Question 15

Please vs. Ferguson (1896)

Answer 15

• supreme court case that upheld the constitutionality of segregation laws saying that as long as blacks were provided with separate but equal facilities to use these laws did not violate the 14th amendment
• separate but equal clause

Question 16

Democratic Party

Answer 16

• widespread support
• belief in states rights
• lower tariffs
• immigrants, working poor

Question 17

Republican Party

Answer 17

• sectional
• northern support
• increase government control
• higher tariffs/lower tariffs
• northerners, African Americans