Unit 6, Chapter 37

Question 1

Affirmative action

Answer 1

-program designed to redress historic, racial, and gender imbalances in jobs and education

Question 2

Great society (1964-1968)

Answer 2

• president Johnson’s term for his domestic policy agenda
• billed as a successor to the new deal
• aimed to extend the post war prosperity to all people in American society by promoting civil rights and fighting poverty

Question 3

Freedom summer (1964)

Answer 3

• voter registration drive in Mississippi spearheaded by a coalition of civil rights groups
• drew the activism of thousands of white and black civil rights workers

Question 4

Mississippi freedom Democratic Party

Answer 4

• political party organized by civil rights activists to challenge Mississippi’s delegation to the democratic national convention
• setback to civil rights activism in the south and a motivation to continue to struggle for black voting rights

Question 5

Civil rights act of 1964

Answer 5

• federal law that banned racial discrimination in public facilities
• strengthened the federal government’s power to fight segregation in school

Question 6

Voting rights act of 1965

Answer 6

• legislation pushed through congress by president Johnson that prohibited ballot denying tactics
• successor to the civil rights act of 1964

Question 7

Black panther party (1965)

Answer 7

• organization of armed black militants formed in Oakland California to protest black rights
• represented a growing dissatisfaction with the nonviolent wing of the civil rights movement
• signaled a new direction to that movement after the legislative victories of 1964-1965

Question 8

Black power

Answer 8

• doctrine of militancy and separatism that rose in prominence after 1965
• activists rejected Martin Luther King jr’s pacifism and desire for integration
• promoted pride in African heritage and often militant position in defense of their rights

Question 9

Six-day-war (1967)

Answer 9

• military conflict between Israel and its Arab neighbors

- victory of Israel

Question 10

Stonewall uprising (1969)

Answer 10

• uprising in support of equal rights for gay people
• sparked by an assault by off duty police officers at a gay bar in New York
• led to a rise in activism and militancy within the gay community and furthered the sexual revolution of the late 1960s

Question 11

Students for a democratic society (SDS)

Answer 11

• a campus based political organization founded in 1961 by tom Hayden
• became an iconic representation of the New left

Question 12

Vietnamization

Answer 12

• military strategy launch by Richard Nixon in 1969
• plan reduced the number of American combat troops in Vietnam and left more of the fighting to the south Vietnamese who are supplied with American armored tanks and weapons

Question 13

Nixon doctrine

Answer 13

• President Nixon’s plan for peace with honor in Vietnam
• stated that the US would honor its existing defense commitments but in the future countries would have to fight their own wars

Question 14

silent majority

Answer 14

-Nixon administration’s term to describe generally content, law abiding, middle-class Americans who supported both the Vietnam War and the American institutions

Question 15

My Lai

Answer 15

-Vietnamese village that was the scene of a military assault on March 16, 1968 in which American soldiers under the command of the second Lieutenant William Calley murdered hundreds of unarmed Vietnamese civilians, mostly children and women

Question 16

Kent State University

Answer 16

-scene of massacre of for college students by national guardsmen on May 4, 1970 in Ohio

Question 17

Pentagon papers

Answer 17

• Secret US government report detailing every planning and policy decisions regarding the Vietnam war under President Kennedy and Johnson
• after elite today New York Times in 1971 in the old instances of government secrecy wise and incompetence in the prosecution of war

Question 18

Détente

Answer 18

• from the French word for reduce the tension, The period of the Cold War thawing when the US and the Soviet Union negative reduced armament treaties under President Ford, Nixon and Carter
• marked A departure from the policies of proportional response, mutually assured destruction Aunt containment that had defined The earlier years of the Cold War

Question 19

Maranda warning

Answer 19

-A statement of interested persons constitutional Rights which police officers must read during an arrest

Question 20

-Philadelphia plan (1969)

Answer 20

• A program established by Richard Nixon to require construction trade unions to work toward hiring more black apprentices
• altered Lyndon Johnson’s concept of affirmative action to focus on groups rather than individuals

Question 21

environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Answer 21

• A governmental organization signed into law by Richard Nixon in 1970 designed to regulate pollution emissions and other factors that negatively influenced the natural environment
• creation of the EPA marked a newfound commitments by the federal government to actively combat environmental risks and it was a significant triumph for the environmentalist movement

Question 22

Earth Day (1970)

Answer 22

-International day of celebration and awareness of global environmental issues launch by conservationists

Question 23

Southern strategy (1972)

Answer 23

• Nixon reelection campaign strategy designed to appeal to conservative whites in the historically democratic south
• stressed law and order issues and remained non committal on civil rights

Question 24

War Powers act (1973)

Answer 24

• law passed by Congress limiting the presidents ability to wage war without congressional approval
• sought to reduce the presidents unilateral Authority in military matters