Unit 9, Part 2

Question 1

“phony war”

Answer 1

• six-month period (October 1939–March 1940) during which no land operations were undertaken by the Allies or the Germans after the German conquest of Poland in September 1939.

Question 2

“miracle at Dunkirk”

Answer 2

• German army trapped French forces at Dunkirk
• Hitler ordered the Luftwaffe to destroy Allied armies at Dunkirk but it was ineffective
• When Hitler ordered his foot soldiers to attack, the British already rebuilt their defenses and evacuated 350,000 troops (French and British)

Question 3

Vichy France (Marshall Petain)

Answer 3

• authoritarian regime in ⅖ of France (wherever the Germans didn’t have)
• regarded as a Naxi puppet state

Question 4

Winston Churchill

Answer 4

• prime minister of GB after Chamberlain; wanted to lead GB to victory
• didn’t want to compromise with Nazis

Question 5

Lend-Lease Act

Answer 5

• principal means for providing U.S. military aid to foreign nations during World War II.

Question 6

Pearl Harbor

Answer 6

-Dec 7, 1941; Japanese carrier-based aircraft attacked the US naval base at Pearl Harbor in the Hawaiian islands

Question 7

Great East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere

Answer 7

• encompassed entire region under Japanese tutelage
• intention= liberate the colonial areas of SE Asia from Western colonial rule
• self sufficient community designed to provide mutual benefits to the occupied areas and home country

Question 8

unconditional surrender

Answer 8

-complete, unqualified surrender of a belligerent nation

Question 9

Erwin Rommel

Answer 9

• German general; led the Afrika Korps to Libya Feb 1941

- broke through british defenses in Egypt bc of reinforcements in N Africa

Question 10

Battle of the North Atlantic

Answer 10

-submarines attacked Allied ships carrying supplies to GB

Question 11

El Alamein

Answer 11

-British forces stop Rommel summer 1942; forced them back across the desert

Question 12

Battle of Stalingrad

Answer 12

• turning point of the war
• German advance; Hitler was determined to capture the city
• street-by-street conflict during Sept, Oct, and Nov
• Nov 8= Hitler declared that German army had taken the city; Nov 19-20= Soviets attacked and surrounded Germans
• Germans surrender

Question 13

Battle of Midway

Answer 13

• June 4, 1942; US planes destroyed all 4 of the attacking Japanese aircraft carriers and established American naval superiority of the Pacific

Question 14

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Answer 14

-American general; lead 5 assault divisions on the normandy beaches on June 6

Question 15

Normandy Invasion

Answer 15

• led by DD Eisenhower;
• On June 6, 1944, the Allies invade Western Europe in the largest amphibious attack in history
• resulted in the Allied liberation of Western Europe from Nazi Germany’s control.
• operation overlord

Question 16

Battle of the Bulge

Answer 16

• offensive by German troops; slowed Allied advances

Question 17

Battle of Kursk

Answer 17

• tank battle between Germans and Soviets; Germans lost

Question 18

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Answer 18

• US dropped atomic bombs there to prevent American casualties
• Japan unconditionally surrendered in Aug 14, 1945
• pres Truman

Question 19

“land girls”

Answer 19

-women in agriculture; performed jobs usually undertaken by men

Question 20

“Dig for Victory”

Answer 20

-increase food production;

Question 21

“night witches”

Answer 21

-female pilots who helped defeat the Germans at Stalingrad

Question 22

War Labor Board

Answer 22

• settled labor disputes

- US

Question 23

Albert Speer

Answer 23

• Hitler’s personal architect; made minister for armaments and munitions in 1942
• eliminated waste and rationalizing procedures→ triple production of armaments

Question 24

Kamikaze

Answer 24

• “divine wind,” suicide missions; against US warships

Question 25

The Blitz

Answer 25

-German bombing campaign on British cities during World War II against London

Question 26

Dresden fire bombing

Answer 26

Germany Feb 13-15 1945; bombs that create firestorms; killed 35,000 ppl

Question 27

Nazi New Order

Answer 27

- Nazi’s plan for their conquered territories - extermination of the Jews and others that were thought to be inferior - exploitation of resources (raw materials, machines, food) - German colonization in the E; use of Poles, Russians, and Ukrainians as slave labor - civil admins in Norway, Denmark, and Netherlands bc Nazis considered the Aryan akin to the Germans - inferior ppl= military admins

Question 28

Heinrich Himmler

Answer 28

- strong believer in Nazi racial ideology; leader of the SS - put in charge of German plans in the east→ evacuate Slavs and replace them with Germans (this was done to the Poles too)

Question 29

Charles de Gaulle

Answer 29

- leader of the Free French movement

Question 30

Free French

Answer 30

- resistance movement against Nazi rule | - created governments-in-exile in London

Question 31

Josip Broz

Answer 31

- leader of a resistance movement in Yugoslavia - led a band of guerrillas against German occupation forces - partisan army⇒ 250,000 men, 100,000 women

Question 32

White Rose

Answer 32

- group of students and a professor at University of Munich against Nazi order/rule - distributed pamphlets denouncing the Nazi regime as lawless, criminal, and godless - caught, arrested, executed - crushed by Gestapo (secret police)

Question 33

Col. Count Claus von Stauffenberg

Answer 33

- believed that only the elimination of Hilter would bring the overthrow of the Nazu regime

Question 34

Madagascar Plan

Answer 34

-mass shipment of Jews to Madagascar → impractical

Question 35

Final Solution

Answer 35

- annihilation of the Jewish ppl | - admin head= Reinhard Heydrich (head of SS’s security service)

Question 36

Einsatzgruppen

Answer 36

- strike forces→ round up all Polish Jews and concentrate them in ghettos - mobile killing units; mass graves of Jews dug by the victims before they were shot

Question 37

Wannsee Conference

Answer 37

- inform party and state officials of the general procedures for the Final Solution - January 20, 1942 - solve the Jewish question

Question 38

death camps

Answer 38

- another solution to the annihilation of the Jews - Jews living in Germany or placed controlled by German would be round up in freight trains and shipped to Poland, where 6 death camps were built - Zyklon B= hydrogen cyanide; gas chambers look like shower rooms - corpses burnt in crematoria

Question 39

Nanjing

Answer 39

- Japanese conquest | - Japanese soldiers killed, raped, and looted the Nanjing ppl

Question 40

comfort women

Answer 40

- Korean women who served as prostitutes for Japanese troops