What is internationalism?
Placing Global concerns before a country’s own national interests; supernationalism
Countries must sacrifice some of their national sovereignty/independence for a policy of internationalism
What is multilateralism?
various nations/countries cooperate
What is bilateralism?
two states work together
What is unilateralism?
State acts alone
What is interventionism?
A country interferes knowingly in the affairs of another country
What is isolationism?
Nation/country concertrates on its own internal affairs and ignores the rest of the world
What is protectionism?
Nation chooses to impose duties (taxes) on imports from other countries to protect domestic industries
What is appeasement?
Pacify an aggressive nation to avoid more conflict
What is neutrality?
Country decides to not participate in conflict/war
What was Hitler’s foreign policy to fulfil Lebensraum? (living space for Germany)
- unite Germany speaking Austria and Germany under Nazi Control (Anschluss)
- Bring the eastern Sudeten territory (containing many German speakers) into the German Reich
Primary reasons to attempt to appease Germany?
- Nation states that could stop Hitler still dealing with WWI debts
- Nation states concerned how they could survive political disaster of taking people to war again
- world wide depression create internal issues and limited desires of nation states
- many citizens in other nation states felt the Versailles Treaty was too harsh on Germany
- after WWI nation states not yet rearmed and was militarily weak
- stable Germany formed barrier between Communist Russia and the rest of Europe
What was the Munich Accord?
- with the unification of Germany and Austria done, the Sudten territory was next
- to protect conflict over Sudten with Czechoslovakia and Germany; Britain, France, Italy, Germany sent representatives to Munich (In Germany)
- signed the munich accord
- gave Sudten to Germany to avoid war and appease Hitler
What happened in the invasion on Czechslovakia?
- Nazis invaded the rest of Czechslovakia, Hitler announced it “ceased to exist”
- rest of Europe did nothing
What was the appeasement for?
- they needed to delay conflict
- after the the invasion on Czechslovakia France and Britain began to prepare for war
- US still following isolation by Neutrality Acts
- Britain sought Canada’s help despite the statue of westminister; Canada’s help became guaranteed
What did Switzerland do during the conflict?
- took a stance of neutrality
Why did Switzerland choose neutrality?
- it was surrounded by Germany, its allies, and Nazi territory
- Swiss itself had over 70% German Heritage
- its neutrality was beneficial to Germany so it remained safe
What did Swiss nationalists believe in?
- they believed in “Spiritual National Defence”
- this united former opponents within Swiss against a common Enemy; Nazi Germany
What did The Swiss Press and BBC do through war?
- they were the only major voices of Nazi opposition
- broadcasts filled German airways with what the Nazis were really doing to Jews and other “undesireables”
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
- US held a policy of insolationism and interventionism out of fear European powers could infringe on its national interests
- Monroe Doctrine clarified the isolationist view
The Monroe Doctrine dictated that the US become involved in other affairs if:
1) American interests were attacked
2) people of a nation were repressed and needed assistance in a struggle for independence
How did the failing Spanish Empire affect the US?
- Latin American nations became unstable
- US became involved in Haiti, Cuba, Philippines against Spain (interventionism because of American National Interests)
Why did the Spanish American War start and how did it end?
- started after Spain rejected American request for Spain to resolve Cuba’s struggles for independence peacefully
- US gained control of SPanish colonies
What were negotiated conditions that gave the US control of Cuba?
- no Cuban territory could be transferred to any nation than the US
- US could intervene in any internal issues in Cuba when thought necessary
- Cuba can’t negotiate treaties with other nations without the US approval
- Cuba’s economy and foreign policy is controlled by the US
- Cuba agreed to sell/lease the US “lands needed for coaling or naval stations at certain specified points to be agreed upon”
- US allowed to keep a naval base in Guantanamo Bay
What was the Good Neighbour Policy?
- made to increase American public support for military activities in economic interests
- worked quietly at controlling Cuba’s government and economic systems without open military presence
- later shifted due to tensions in Europe and the Depression of the 1930s (the US couldn’t deal with an angry Latin America)
