1
Q
What are factors that influence identity?
A
- language
- traditions
- religion/spirituality
- abilities
- clothing
- biological traits
- role models
- geography
- ideology
2
Q
What are three definitions for culture?
A
- way of life; all ways of living built up and passed through generations
- system of beliefs, assumptions, sentiments, and perspectives members have in common and demonstrate
- defining factor of identity (how we see ourselves, groups we belong to)
3
Q
What is a nation?
A
people of a culture recognize a strong identity with their common culture
4
Q
What is a nation state?
A
A nation that is also a country. Countries are also sometimes just called nation states
5
Q
What are the criteria for a nation to be a country?
A
1) an independent government (sovereign country- free from influence)
2) clear borders recognised by other countries
3) sset of values and beliefs shared by citizens
6
Q
What are the aspects of nations/nation states/countries?
A
- language(s)
- culture
- patriotism
- ethnicity
- spirituality
- politics
- collective identity
- civic responsibility
- land and geography
7
Q
What are the three categories of focus in Identity?
A
1) Personal focus- personal feelings and local connections (ex. I like meeting friends)
2) Non-national focus- religion, geographic region, culture, race, ethnicity, ideology, and class (ex. at home we speak English and french)
3) state focus- based on country (ex. Canadians have frenziedly reputation)
8
Q
What is Ethnic Nationalism?
A
Collective identity is based on a shared ethnic background, identity on common cultura;l heritage, excludes those who aren’t part of the background
9
Q
What is civic nationalism?
A
collective identity based on shared political values or beliefs as foundation for citizenship in national state (ethnic, cultural, religious background doesn’t matter)
10
Q
What is the difference between patriotism and nationalism?
A
Patriotism focuses on defending and sacrificing for the nation, and stopped bad things within it.
Nationalism focuses on promoting the nation and often refuses to recognise the bad)
11
Q
What are non-national identities?
A
- religious loyalty (ex. Christianity)
- Regional Loyalty (ex. up North)
- cultural loyalty (ex. Metis)
- Racial/ethnic loyalty (ex. Asian)
- Ideological Loyalty (ex. liberal)
- class loyalty (ex. upper class)
12
Q
What is the aboriginal perspective in Caada?
A
- lost land
- scammed in treaties
- assimilated
- only now making it up
13
Q
What is the Quebecois perspective in Canada?
A
- want to separate
- working politically
- lots of historical confrontations
14
Q
What is pluralism?
A
Allows people with various religions and political views to follow their beliefs and express their concerns independently within society
15
Q
What are some anglophone concerns with bilingualism?
A
- afraid of being excluded from politics and government jobs if not bilingual
- maintaining bilingualism is costly
- separates instead of uniting Canada
16
Q
What are some francophone concerns with bilingualism?
A
- want to guarantee to be able to use French daily in Quebec
- guarantee French culture will survive
- French language is in danger and needs extra protection
17
Q
What is the multicultural policy?
A
- assist cultural groups to grow and contribute to Canada
- assist group to enjoy full participation in society
- encourage groups to learn more about each other
- assist immigrants in any of the official languages
18
Q
How does the government support multiculturalism?
A
- help provide ethic language instructions
- supports public school programs in different languages
- supports public cultural events
- supplies money for cultural facilities
- supports development of ethnic literature and arts
- assists new immigrants
19
Q
What are arguments for multiculturalism?
A
- Canada is diverse and helps with relations with other countries
- Canadian society is enriched
- will learn tolerance
- help eliminate discrimination and bias
- give us many viewpoints
- different culture help build Canada
20
Q
What are arguments against multiculturalism?
A
- more differences, bigger problems
- always misunderstandings happening
- people should adapt to new cultures, not hold onto theirs
- reduce and not encourage difference
- shouldn’t spend tax money on multiculturalism
- threatens french culture in Quebec
21
Q
What do the charter of rights and freedoms ensure?
A
- aboriginal peoples retain rights previously established by treaties
- French and English rights protected by law
- Canada’s multiculturalism enhanced
22
Q
What does the supreme court do with the charter of rights and freedoms?
A
interpret the charter, especially in defining legal and equality rights
23
Q
What are the fundamental freedoms?
A
- worship as you like, believe what you want
- express opinion without fear
- gather with others peacefully
- associate with whom you please
24
Q
What are the democratic rights?
A
- vote in elections
- run for elections
25
What are the mobility rights?
- enter, remain in, or leave Canada
- move to, live in, work in any Canadian province or territory.
26
What are the legal Rights?
- be assured of the right to life, liberty, and security of a person
- not be put into jail without a fair trial if accused
- not be subjected to inhumane treatment or punishment
27
What are the equality rights?
- be protected by the law regardless of race, nationality, ethnic origin, colour, religion, gender, age, or mental/physical disability
28
What are the language rights?
- use either English or French in any federal government office or in any federal court
- have one's children educated in either english or french where sufficient numbers are present
29
What is enforcement?
- take the matter to court if any of teh preceding rights and freedoms have been denied
30
What is the feudal system?
social, political, economic structure of France, it was a hierarchical system of class/estates and called the old regime or Ancien Regime
31
What are the feudal system?
1) King
2) first estate (clergy)
3) second estate (aristocrats)
4) third estate (commoners)
the first two estates had no taxes and all rights and privilege
the third estate had hard work and taxes. they also couldn't move estates unless they became a clergy (putting them in first estate), but they would still remain poor and unable to climb church ranks
32
What happened in the enlightenment?
philosophers started applying scientific reason to government, society, and religion
33
What was Hobbes idea?
absolute monarchs; human nature is wild and to avoid chaos would need an absolute leader
34
What was Locke's idea?
People have natural rights to life, liberty, and property; leaders should guarantee rights but have no absolute power
35
What was Montesique's idea?
Government should have three branches of government (legislative makes laws, Executive carries out laws, judicial enforces laws)
36
What was Voltaire's ideas?
Argued for religious toleration and freedom of thought
37
What was Rosseau's idea?
All people are equal and social class shouyld be gone
38
How did France fall into so much economic crisis?
- tax system from feudal times failed
- Louis XVI was wasteful and a terrible spender
- France helped American colonies and created even larger debts
39
What is the Estates General?
An old institution that allowed all three estates a say in decision making. It also advantaged the first two estates as each estate was given one vote, the third estate was often outvoted.
40
When and where did the estates general meet?
1789 at Louis' Versailles palace
41
How was the National Assembly created?
Louis stopped estate general from meeting to stop E3's plans. they got mad and gathered at a nearby indoor tennis court. proclaimed themselves the national assembly. the other two estates eventually joined in.
42
What is the tennis court oath?
the national assembly took i. it was a declaration to not disband until a new constitution was made
43
What is the battle of bastille?
Commoners grew impatient and attacked Bastille royal prison for weapons. The governor of the prison and guards were killed, their head mounted on on pikes and paraded around Paris. July 14 is now a National Holiday and symbol of nationalism.
44
What is the commune
new city government in Paris
45
What is the National Guard?
own armed force in the commune
46
What was fixed by the August 4 issued laws?
- destroyed feudal system and tithe (church tax)
- made everyone equal to taxation
- gave every french man right to hold public office
- retain monarchy (Louis became a constitutional monarch- bound by set of laws by the people)
47
What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man and The Citizen?
Issued by National Assembly, laid principles that revolutionaries wanted to follow in governing France. Meant as pledge of what Assembly planned for France.
48
What is egalitarianism?
Belief all humans are equal, so should be equal before the law
49
What is liberty?
people should have liberty to do whatever they want as long as they don't harm others
50
What is the Civil Constitution of the Clergy?
Made all clergy servants of the state and elected by popular vote. Required them to take an oath of all allegiance to the new constitution.
51
What was the flight to Varennes?
1791 Louis tried to run with his family and stop the revolution with foreign support. He got caught and lost all faith of the French people.
52
What was the symbolism of women?
- general idea of women was that their place is in the house
- Female character Liberte represented ideals of the republic and was in lots of art
- eventually became Marianne depicted on many things
53
What was the symbolism of slogans?
- when Prussia and Austria attacked Paris the French rallied to the cry of Liberte, Egalite, Fraternity (liberty, equality, brotherhood)
54
What were symbolic events of the revolution?
- attack of Bastille
- defeat of Prussians and Austrians of 1972
55
What is the symbolism of the anthem?
French soldiers marching to fight Austrian and Prussian armies in Paris sand ''La Marseillaise" which became the anthem
56
What was the symbolism of the flag?
- July 27, 1789 Louis accepted tricolour cockade in recognition of Revolution
- red and blue are historic colours of Paris and white is a symbol of monarchy
57
What were symbolic items of the revolution?
- the red cap became a symbol of liberty, and revolutionary soldiers often wore them as part of uniforms
58
What were two reasons the French were becoming nationalistic?
1) they had taken a hand in their own destiny and forced a new nation state (democratic)
2) At the Nation Convention's first meeting the French army turned back the Prussian Valmy and boosted the confidence of the people
59
What was the rise of Napoleon like?
- advanced quickly after military academy, given command of French army in Italy fighting Austrians controlling the area in 1796
- 1798 he was sent to Egypt to block Britain's supply lines to India but was defeated
- came back to France without his army but was called hero since news travelled fast
- overthrew directory in 1799 and created the Consulate (new government)
- named himself first consult for life
60
What was Napoleon's notable accomplishments in economics?
taxes collected fairly and effectively, roads built, commerce stimulated, attempts to balance budget, funded Bank of France
61
What was Napoleon's notable accomplishments in religion?
arranged agreement (the concordat) with the pope to ease tensions, returned church buildings (but not the land that was already sold to people), French State paid clergy and some bishops but the Pope consecrated when installed them (but later was taken and held in France when he challenged Napoleon's power)
62
What was Napoleon's notable accomplishments in education?
Created extensive system of public schools (the lycees)
63
When was Napoleon crowned emperor?
Dec 2, 1804
64
What was unusual about Napoleon's coronation?
He took the crown from the Pope's hands and put it on his own head to show he owned his position to himself not the church
65
How did Napoleon go down?
He was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo by an alliance of Britain, Prussian (German), and Dutch
66
What happened in France after Napoleon was defeated?
The monarchy was restored by the alliances that defeated him; Louis XVIII (Louis XVI's brother) became King
Social 20-1
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Decks in class (7)
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