What is a responsible government?
a government responsible/accountable to the people that elects it
What did the “Act of Union” do?
It united British colonies of upper and lower Canada
What did the French Canadians of lower Canada want?
More control of education and spending of revenue generated in lower Canada
What did upper Canada want?
decrease the control of the English church and have more influence in government
What did Robert Baldwin do?
he encouraged Lord Durham ( a representative of the British government) to recommend a responsible government to teh British.
Later on he also allowed Louis La Fontaine to run and be elected in York when la Fontaine was forced to not run.
Why did Baldwin let LaFotaine run and be elected?
- to promote the idea of biculturalism
- they ended in a partnership in Parliament and worked for responsible government
What were internal factors of confederation?
- loss of free trade with the US
- political deadlock between Upper and Lower Canada
What were external factors of confederation?
- Manifest destiny; American ideology that US should expand across the North American continent
- war of 1812
- the American civil war
What are issues relating to Canada’s evolution?
- expansion
- population
- transportation
- economics
- internationalism
- Canadian sovereignty
How have immigrants changed Canada?
Chagned the Canadian identity to a multicultural one
How have Francophones changed Canada?
demands for French rights and independence for Quebec, developed separate identity and nationalism
How have Aboriginal people changed Canada?
relationship changed from paternalistic to self-government
How have women changed Canada?
Struggle for equality and recognition changed many aspects for the nation
What is federalism?
- system that divide the power to make laws between a central or federal government and a number of provincial and territorial legislatures
What does federal government do?
Deal with matters concerning the entire country (ex. taxes, health care)
What do provincial/territorial governments do?
Deal with matters concerning their particular parts of the country (ex. taxes, hospital)
What problems did Quebec have with provincial autonomy (independence)?
desired provincial autonomy to preserve the French culture and struggles against how Federalism unite sit with the other regions
What problems did other provinces have with provincial autonomy (independence)?
struggle with control of tax revenue, health care, natural resources
What is NEP?
National Energy Program
- attempt to fix energy and economic crisis of 1970s (oil producing nations formed OPEC and raised the world price of oil)
- NEP was an attempt to redistribute tax revenue from the oil industry in Canada and protect Canadians from high cost oil
- resulted in western Canada alienation and still has issues
What is the trans mountain pipeline?
- bought to try to revive the project of transporting oil through BC to the US
- proposed by oil producers and approved by the government to expand capacity and reach new markets abroad
What was the Constitutional Amendment Proclamation?
- first ever change to the original constitution
- made after Aboriginal groups lobbied for their rights to be more clearly enshrined in the constitution
What is the First Nations’ self-government described as?
- continue to interact with neighbouring communities
- constitution and charter of rights and freedoms still apply to FN governments
- provincial and federal laws still followed
- First nations’ municipal, provincial, federal governments are equals
- receive same services and opportunities as other Canadians
- FN practices and institutions key part of their governments
- create laws and services that directly meet the needs of their citizens, outside bodies cannot determine what is best
- cultures are preserved and a source of pride to First Nations people
Why was the creation of Nunavut important?
The dream of a self-governing Inuit government came true
What did the First Nations children have to do at Residential schools?
they were:
- forbidden to speak their own language/practice their own religion
- punished for speaking aboriginal languages
- had to dress and behave like non-aboriginals
- received job training only for basic service tasks in non-aboriginal communities (traditional survival skills lost)
