Grade 9 science > unit test electricity > Flashcards

unit test electricity Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

What happens to the brightness as you increase your loads in a series circuit?

A

The brightness decreases

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2
Q

What happens when you remove one bulb in a series circuit?

A

circuit is “broken”

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3
Q

What happens when you increase your battery source in a series circuit?

A

bulb gets brighter

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4
Q

What happens when you remove one bulb in parallel

A

Circuit continues on other pathways

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5
Q

What happens when you increase your battery source in a parallel circuit?

A

remains same

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6
Q

What happens to the brightness as you increase your loads in a parallel circuit?

A

stays the same

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7
Q

Current:

A

the rate of electron flow past a specific point in circuit. (speed)

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8
Q

Voltage:

A

how many loads (strength)

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9
Q

analogy:

A

measuring the amount of water molecules flowing through your pipes at a specific point per second

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10
Q

Do objects with like charges attract or repel?

A

repel

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10
Q

Do objects with un-like charges attract or repel?

A

attract

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10
Q

What is static electricity?

A

Static electricity is an electric charge built-up on person or objects through friction. static or “stationary” means the charge stays on the spot where rubbing occurred.

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11
Q

When dose Friction occur

A

When two different neutral materials are either rubbed together or when they touch each other

e.g. rubber ballon on hair

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12
Q

What is an insulator?

A

Electrons in Insulators cannot move freely through, they can’t transfer electricity. Insulators help protect us from shock

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13
Q

What is induction

A

Induction dose not involve a build up of charge or any contact. Instead the charged object attracts the neutral object by being close to it

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13
Q

What is a conductor?

A

conductors transfer electricity.

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14
Q

How can a temporary charge be induced

A

By a charged object coming in contact with a neutral object

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15
Q

How can a permanent object be induced

A

By grounding the object

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16
Q

What is electric discharge

A

the sudden transfer of electrons from one object to another.

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17
Q

what is AC

A

AC is Alternating current. Alternating current is the type you would find in the wall outlets of your house. With AC the electrons move back and forth alternating their direction.

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18
Q

what is DC

A

DC is direct current. With Direct current electrons flow in one direction. DC is produced by an electrical cell or battery. Electrons flow from the anode to the cathode.

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19
Q

Secondary cells

A

are cells that can be recharged

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20
Q

Primary cells

A

cannot be recharged

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21
Q

Electrical power:

A

the rate that energy is transformed or work is being done

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22
how to calculate the efficiency of a device
energy out/energy in x 100% ___________________ e.g. %eff = e.out/e.in x 100% = 30J/120J x 100% = 0.25 x100 = 25%
23
how to calculate cost of electricity
cost to operate = power used X time X cost of electricity
24
how to convert w to kw
move decimal three to left
25
what are the two main sources of electricity
1. batteries. for small amounts of electrical energy 2. electrical generating station. for large amounts of electrical energy
26
electrical energy:
energy provided by the flow of electrons
27
what is potential difference?
the difference in electrical potential energy between two points in a circuit
28
what is electrical potential
its the amount of potential energy per unit of charge at a specific point in an electric field.
29
what is electrical existence
the resistance to movement of electrons as they flow through a circuit
29
How lightning happens
lightning happens between clouds when the water molecules become charged. The movement makes the negatively charged molecules go to the bottom leaving the top positive. That creates an imbalance in the charge which results to a lightning discharge.
30
How lightning happens (long version)
lightning is an electrical discharge that occurs between clouds or between clouds and the ground. One theory is that the water molecules become charged. Due to the movement in the clouds, negatively charged water molecules collect at the bottom of the cloud. This caused a charge induction on the earth pushing the electrons down. That leaves the top a positive charge, making a charge imbalance which discharges to earth in the form of lightning.
30
Types of electroscopes and how they work-
an electroscope is a device that detects the presence of a charge, and it receives a charge through induction. neutral electroscope - an electroscope that hasn't had a change in charge yet, or in other words, has not come in contact with a charged object. charged electroscope- an electroscope that has come in contact with another charged object. A charged electroscope can either be temporarily charged or permanently charged. For it to be permanently charged it would need to be grounded.
30
source:
the object generating energy for the circuit. -has a negative terminal (where e- comes out of)and a positive terminal (where e- enters to be recharged)
31
load:
the object you are trying to give power to, also referred to as a resistor. -it converts electrical E to the other forms of E and slows down the flow of e- to power itself.
32
switch:
used to open and close the power supply to the circuit
33
connector:
connects the circuit together, provides a controlled path for electrical current to flow.
34
what are the components of an electrical circuit?
source, load, switch, connector
34
series circuit:
only has one path for current to flow through. all e- flow the same path.
34
parallel circuit:
has more than one path that current can flow through. e- can travel through different paths that are parallel to each other
34
how to calculate voltage
voltage / load
35
what is measured in ampheres (A)
current
36
how to calculate current
current / amount of sections
37
how to calculate resistance
resistance= voltage / current
38
all loads are connected to the same path is that in a series circuit or parallel
all loads are connected to the same path in a series circuit
39
The current at all points in a series circuit are NOT the same, including the source. true or false
false. The current at all points in a series circuit ARE the same, including the source.
40
The voltage of the source, is equal to the sum of the voltage, of all resistors or loads. what does that mean?
the batteries of voltage is equal to all the little voltage along the way. whatever voltage u start with gets shared along every thing along it
41
Each load has their own path in a ____
parallel circuit
42
The current within a parallel circuit varies since there are multiple paths for the e- to take. true or false
true
43
in what circuit does all e- starts at the same path but branch into different paths
parallel
44
describe resistor
zig zag line _/\/\/\_
45
moter symbol
circle with x (X)
46
describe fuse
box
47
does the resistance increase or decrease when the tempeture increases?
the resistance increses
48
what are the factors that effect resistance?
1. type of material 2. cross-sectional area 3. length 4. tempeture
49
does the resistance increase or decrease when the length of a wire decreases
the lower resistance
50
does the resistance increase or decrease when the wire is thicker
the resistance is lower
51
does the resistance increase or decrease when the item is an insolater
insolaters have higher resistance
52
does the resistance increase or decrease when the item is a conducter
conducters have lower resistance
53
how to find current
I = V/R
53
in a series circuit the voltage of the source is equal to_____
voltage of the source is equal to the sum of the voltage of all resistors or load
53
how to find voltage
V = I x R
53
how to put a ammeter on a circuit
ammeter must be connected in a series with a load
54
the voltage changes only in a series circuit or parallel circuit
he voltage changes only in a series circuit
55
how to find resistance
R = V/I
56
solar cell
sunlight shining on the cell creates a flow of electrons because the materials in a solar cell can convert sunlight into electrical energy
57
Fuse vs. circuit breaker
Circuit breaker opens Fuse sometimes breaks and/or might melt. Fuse and circuit breaker protects the circuit from overcurrent. If it does it will break it so nothing goes wrong
58
what are safety precautions
1. The 3 prongs in a wall adapter. The one at the bottom is for groundidng 2. The fuse in a circuit. It protects a circuit from overcurrent by melting a wire to break the connection and stop the flow of electricity. 3. INSULATORS work by not allowing the flow of electrons so that a wire dosent electrocute us
59
how a photocopier works
a photocopier Works using process that uses light, static electricity, and toner called xerography.
60
how lightning rod works
lightning rod works by providing a direct low-resistance path for lightning to strike to follow to the ground or a lightning.
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