Wavelength
Corresponds to colour (longer wavelengths are more red, shorter wavelengths are more violet)
Purity
Corresponds to saturation. Pure lights are more saturated (one single wavelength). Natural lights are less saturated (multiple wavelengths)
Amplitude
Corresponds to brightness. The greater the amplitude, the more light is being emitted, so the object appears brighter.
What are the 6 components of the eyes?
Cornea, pupil, iris, lens, vitreous humor, retina
Cornea
The transparent window at the front of the eye allowing light to first pass through and where the focusing of light begins.
Sclera
A tough structural membrane that covers the portion of the eye not covered by the cornea. It provides the eye with its white appearance.
Pupil
The round window that appears as a black window in the middle of the human eye. Light passes through the pupil once it has passed through the cornea.
Iris
The coloured part of the eye that consists of a band of muscles that receives signals from the brain to dilate and constrict the pupil depending on the amount of light reaching the eye. Dilation when not enough light enters. Constriction when too much light enters.
Lens
A transparent flexible structure that does the final focusing of light onto the retina. It may change in shape (accomodate) to focus on objects at different distances, contributing to depth perception. Becomes rounder for close objects. Elongates for far objects
Accommodation
The process in which the lens of the eye changes shape to focus on objects at varying distances.
Vitreous Humor
Clear, jelly-like substance comprising the main chamber of the eye ball.
Retina
The neural tissue that lines the back of the eye that consists of photoreceptors where the physical stimulus of light is translated into neural impulses.
3 layers in the retina
Photoreceptors, Bipolar cells, ganglion axons
Photoreceptor layer
Cells located on the retina that convert the physical stimulus of light into a neural impulse that is passed to the brain. Furthest layer from the cornea, but first layer that light hits. There are cones and rod photoreceptors.
Cones
Number: 6 million
Light intensity: high light intensity, day vision
Colour: yes
Acuity: good
Location: concentrated in fovea, the tiny spot in the middle of the retina that contains exclusively cones
Rods
Number: 125 million
Light intensity: low light intensity and night vision
Colour: no
Acuity: poor
Location: concentrated in the periphery (area around the fovea)
Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE)
Layer behind the photoreceptors that provides nutrients for the photoreceptor layer.
Bipolar cells
A layer in the retina that receives information from the photoreceptors and then sends that information to the ganglion cells
Ganglion axons
The layer in the retina that bipolar cells send their information to. They are the front layer of the cells in the retina.
Optic Disc
The point on the eye at which the axons of the ganglion cells converge and exit to the optic nerve. It is responsible for the human visual blind spot, as this area contains no photoreceptors.
Optic Nerves
One of the cranial nerves, it is a bundle of ganglion cell axons that transmit visual information out of the back of the eye to the brain.
Horizontal and Amacrine Cells
These cells allow adjacent photoreceptors to combine their information such that 130 million photoreceptors converge on 1 million axons in the optic nerve.
Receptive field
The collection of rods and cones in the retina that, when stimulated affect the firing of a particular ganglion cell. Certain receptive fields are responsive to different colours, shades and shapes.
Inner nasal-retina axons travel to _________ hemispheres
Opposite
