NURS 404 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Medical definition of health

A

absence of disease

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2
Q

Limitations of medical definition of health

A

doesn’t consider other aspects of health, mental health, social health

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3
Q

WHO definition of health

A

a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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4
Q

Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion definition of health

A

to reach a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, an individual or group must be able to:

identify and to realize aspirations,

to satisfy needs, and

to change or cope with the environment

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5
Q

Community definition

A

group of people

common culture, values and norms

social structure according to relationships

beyond individuals and families

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6
Q

Community health definition

A

process of involving the community in maintaining, improving, and promotion, and protecting its own health and well being

ACTIVE involvement

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7
Q

Healthy community definition

A

one where people, organizations, and local institutions work together to improve the social, economic and environmental conditions that make people healthy – or the determinants of health

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8
Q

Characteristics of a healthy community (many)

A

clean and safe physical environments

peace

equity and social justice

adequate access to food

clean water

shelter

income safety work

recreation

strong mutually supportive relationships

strong cultural and spiritual heritage

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9
Q

Significance of the Lalonde report

A

landmark document that initiated the shift from:

curative health care –> holistic health care

provided the foundation for health promotion

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10
Q

What factors did the Lalonde report describe as being significant to health? (4)

A

human biology

environment

lifestyle

health care system

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11
Q

What is the criticism of the Lalonde report?

A

too much focus on individual responsibility while neglecting broader factors

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12
Q

Health promotion definition

A

the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health

resource for everyday life

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13
Q

Prerequisites for health according to the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (many)

A

peace

shelter

education

food

stable ecosystem

sustainable

resources

social justice

equity

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14
Q

Importance/significance of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion

A

start of establishing root of current determinants of health

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15
Q

According to the Ottawa Charter, health promotion is the responsibility of…

A

not just the health sector

everyone

all levels of government

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16
Q

Health promotion STRATEGIES according to the Ottawa Charter (3)

A

1) advocate

2) enable

3) mediate

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17
Q

Health promotion strategy - enable meaning

A

all people to achieve their health potential

EQUITY

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18
Q

Health promotion strategy - mediate meaning

A

relationships of governments, non-governmental organizations, local authorities, media etc

to adapt to local needs of community

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19
Q

Health promotion strategy - advocate meaning

A

for health

to reduce differences and ensure equal opportunities/resources

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20
Q

Roles of a HCP provide according to the Ottawa Charter (4)

A

1) advocate

2) supporter

3) facilitator

4) mediator

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21
Q

5 Ottawa Charter Health Promotion ACTIONS

A

1) building healthy public policy

2) creating supportive environments

3) strengthening community action

4) developing personal skills

5) reorienting health services

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22
Q

1) building healthy public policy

A

puts health on the agenda of policy makers in all sectors and at all levels

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23
Q

2) creating supportive environments

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A

changing patterns of life, work, and leisure

health cannot be separated from environment

24
Q

3) strengthening community action

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A

community action in setting priorities, making decisions, planning strategies and implementing them

EMPOWERMENT

25
4) developing personal skills
supports personal and social development through providing information, education for health and enhancing life skills increasing OPTIONS
26
5) reorienting health services
individuals, community groups, health professionals, health service institutions and governments must work together health sector moving in a health promotion direction
27
Population health definition
approach that addresses entire range of factors that determine health affects the health of the entire population → disease prevention → health promotion
28
Primary health care definition
philosophy and approach person-centered --> ESSENTIAL health care --> evidenced-based --> universally accessible --> affordable
29
Principles of primary health care (5)
1) accessibility 2) active public participation 3) health promotion and chronic disease prevention and management 4) use of appropriate technology and innovation 5) intersectoral cooperation and collaboration
30
Primary care definition
community-based clinical health-care services
31
Why is primary health care important?
improving health system lack of access puts pressure on others parts of the system
32
3 dominant approaches to health and health promotion
1) biomedical 2) behavioural 3) socio-environmental
33
Biomedical approach to health
absence of disease focus on physiological risk factors high risk individuals
34
Goal of the biomedical approach
prevent disease and risk factors through early identification and intervention
35
Levels of prevention of the biomedical approach (3)
1) primary 2) secondary 3) tertiary
36
Limitation of the biomedical approach
ignores things like social and structural factors
37
Behavioural approach to health and health promotion
Lalonde report lifestyle choices
38
Goal of the behavioural approach
change individual risk factors through behavioural change
39
Strategies for behavioural approach to health (4)
health education social marketing healthy public health policies supporting lifestyle choices knowledge
40
Limitations of the behavioural approach
many factors that influence health poor lifestyle choices aren't always due to lack of knowledge
41
Socio-environmental approaches to health
focus on environment and society in which the individual lives and makes choices result of determinants of health
42
Goal of socio-environmental approaches to health
change risk conditions and psychosocial risk factors
43
Strategies for socio-environmental approaches to health (3)
1) advocacy 2) lobbying 3) political action
44
Which approach is interested in high-risk INDIVIDUALS? a) biomedical b) behavioural
a) biomedical
45
Which approach is interested in high-risk CONDITIONS? a) behavioural b) socio-environmental
b) socio-environmental
46
Public health definition
organized effort of society to keep people healthy and prevent injury, illness and premature death combo of programs, services and policies that protect and promote the health of ALL Canadians
47
Who does public health focus on?
populations!
48
Key concepts in public health (3)
1) social justice and health equity 2) evidence, risk assessment, policy, programs, and evaluation 3) social & structural determinants of health
49
Health inequity definition
differences in health associated with structural and social disadvantage that are systemic, modifiable, avoidable and unfair
50
Determinants of health definition
factors that influence the health of individuals, communities and populations
51
In the upstream-downstream example, helping people in the river is an example of
PROTECTION
52
In the upstream-downstream example, stopping people from falling in the river is
PREVENTION PROMOTION
53
Downstream
immediate health needs of populations that are marginalized
54
Midstream
intermediary determinants, or material circumstances such as housing conditions, employment and food security
55
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