Community health nursing
involves collaborative action to:
-promote,
-protect and
-restore the health of people in Canada
within the context of the important places and experiences of their daily lives
diverse determinants across the lifespan
Models and theories in community health nursing (4 main)
1) population health promotion and primary health care
2) disease and injury prevention
3) community participation
4) community development
Practice areas of community health nurses (many)
public health
home health
primary care/family practice
occ health
street or outreach
outpost (Northern)
correction
telehealth
military
mental health
palliative
Main components of the Canadian Community Health Nursing Professional Practice Model (4)
1) core
2) system
3) community organizations
4) community health nurses and nursing practice
Core
client (individuals, families, groups, communities, populations and systems)
System (2)
determinants of health
government support
Community organizations (3)
delivery structures and process
management practices
professional relationships and partnerships
Community Health Nurses and Nursing Practice
Code of ethics
Community Health Nurse
Community health nursing standards
Discipline specific competencies
Professional regulatory standards
Values and principles
Theoretical foundation
CHNC - Standards of practice (8)
1) Health promotion
2) Prevention and health protection
3) Health maintenance, restoration, and palliation
4) Professional relationship
5) Capacity building
6) Health equity
7) Evidence-informed practice
8) Professional responsibility and accountability
Standard 1: Health promotion
integrate health promotion into practice using the five Ottawa Charter health promotion strategies
e.g. physical activity, healthy eating
e.g. working with communities to promote development of recreational space
Standard 3: Health Maintenance, Restoration and Palliation
integrate health maintenance, restoration and palliation
maintain maximum function, improve health, and support life transitions including acute, chronic, or terminal illness, and end of life
e.g. home visits, phone calls, referrals to other community supports
Standard 4: Professional Relationships
work with others to establish, build and nurture professional and therapeutic relationships
include optimizing participation, and self determination of the client
Standard 5: Capacity Building
partner with the client to promote capacity
recognize barriers to health and to mobilize and build on existing strengths
e.g. coalitions - vaping coalition at school
Standard 6: Health Equity
recognize the impacts of the determinants of health
incorporate actions into their practice such as advocating for healthy public policy
advance health equity at an individual and societal level
e.g. promoting breast feeding friendly spaces
Standard 8: Professional Responsibility and Accountability
demonstrate this as part of fundamental component of their autonomous practice
e.g. harm reduction - reflecting on own stigma and biases
e.g. being comfortable with other people’s uncomfortable choices
Empowerment definition
process of enabling people to choose to take control over and make decisions about their lives
values all those involved
What is central to empowerment?
power
Examples of professional powers (many)
privilege
information
position
social status
paid employment
power over actual funding
Hegemony
professional authority
Domination
direct use of authority
Best type of language to use
asset-based
person-first
system focused
Assessment Methods in Health Promotion (3)
1) Needs based assessment
2) Deficiency-based assessment
3) Capacity-based assessment
Needs based assessment
identifies service needs and service demands
Deficiency-based assessment
identifies GAPS in services or needs
does not imply any involvement from people in the community
