KNPE 363 > Week 5 > Flashcards

Week 5 Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Communication (2017 definition)

A

Information exchange occurring through verbal and non-verbal means
- the way we communicate, hints at the way we want to be communicated to (relative)

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2
Q

Three principles of communication

A
  1. Communication patterns are normally homogenous
  2. Communication increases homogeneity
  3. Communication is facilitated by homogeneity
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3
Q

How are communication patterns normally homogeneous?

A
  • similar in nature
  • individuals communicate with others who are similar in attitudes and characteristics
    ***stick with people who are like us
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4
Q

How does communication increase homogeneity?

A

Through attitudes, knowledge and beliefs
- The way we communicate, increase the sense of “US”
***Same values and norms

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5
Q

How is communication facilitated by homogeneity?

A

In relation to
- common language
- common motives
- common values
***Our common language reflects our common motives and common values

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6
Q

What has sport research explored relative to communication?

A
  1. Communication as a fundamental component of other concepts
  2. A process in itself (should be considered on its own)
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7
Q

Eys, Evans, & Benson (2020) organizing framework for group dynamics, how did they position communication?

A

Critical group process

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8
Q

What can’t be done without communication?

A
  • coordination
  • goal setting
  • action planning
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9
Q

Communication as a fundamental component of other concepts - McEwan and Beauchamp

A

comprehensive model of teamwork in sport

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10
Q

Comprehensive model of teamwork for sport (McEwan and Beauchamp 2014)

A

Teamwork is:
“a dynamic process involving a collaborative effort by team members to effectively carry out the independent and interdependent behaviours that are required to maximize a team’s likelihood of achieving its purposes”

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11
Q

The process of the comprehensive model of teamwork for sport

A

Inputs
Mediators
Outcomes

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12
Q

Where does communication fit in in the process of the comprehensive model of teamwork for sport?

A

Mediators (execution)

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13
Q

Regulation of team performance in the comprehensive model of teamwork for sport sections

A
  1. Preparation
  2. Execution
  3. Evaluation
  4. Adjustments
    ***Cyclical process
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14
Q

Comprehensive model of teamwork for sport- preparation

A
  • mission analysis
  • goal specification (communicating the roles and norms)
  • planning
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15
Q

Comprehensive model of teamwork for sport- execution

A
  • coordination
  • cooperation
  • communication
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16
Q

Comprehensive model of teamwork for sport- evaluation

A

Performance and system monitoring

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17
Q

Comprehensive model of teamwork for sport- adjustments

A
  • Problem solving
  • Innovation
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18
Q

Communication as a fundamental component of other concepts - Eccles and Tenenbaum

A

Conceptual model of team coordination

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19
Q

Conceptual model of team coordination (Eccles and Tenenbaum 2004)

Study These Flashcards
A

Communication is central in team coordination
- takes place before, during and after competition
- reveals the ways members must coordinate, whether in heat of action or long before season

20
Q

How do you assess communication in research?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Questionnaire/survey
    2 Observation
21
Q

Problems with observing communication through film

Study These Flashcards
A
  • May change because they want to be perceived a different way
  • Have own biases as a researcher, and don’t know what the team values as communication
  • Very specific to a team, good communication looks different for different teams
22
Q

What are you assessing when you are assessing communication?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • type of communication (verbal vs non-verbal)
  • quality of communication
  • frequency of communication
23
Q

What did Sullivan and Feltz (2003) create

Study These Flashcards
A

scale for effective communication in team sports questionnaire (SECTS)

24
Q

What is the SECTS questionnaire based on?

Study These Flashcards
A

The expressions of…
1. Acceptance
2. Distinctiveness
3. Positive conflict
4. Negative conflict

25
SECTS questionnaire - acceptance
Consideration among teammates
26
SECTS questionnaire - distinctiveness
Highlighting the uniqueness of the group (ex. slogans, inside jokes) - was communication hitting a sense of "us" - team specific language or general language
27
SECTS questionnaire - positive conflict
Constructive exchanges dealing with problems within the group
28
SECTS questionnaire - negative conflict
Confrontational approaches to team issues
29
What was effective communication via SECTS correlated with? (Sullivan and Gee 2007)
- increased athlete satisfaction - increased team cohesion
30
Lausic et al. (2009) research example results
- most communication was emotional (>50%) or action statements/tactical (>25%) - winning teams exhibited 2x more communication and communication was more homogenous in nature (performance aspect)
31
Durdubas, Martin & Koruc (2019) research example
- direct comparison of nonverbal behaviours of top and bottom 4 professional men’s vball teams in Turkey - matches analyzed for each team based on three conditions (win, loss, tie)
32
Durdubas, Martin & Koruc (2019) research example results
Top 4 used more non-verbal communication and more instructional/tactical and supportive behaviours - more intentional communication = better performance
33
Why are emotions important in communication?
- emotions are contagious - athletes require emotional intelligence
34
Tamminen et al (2018) collective emotions
- Affect performance, team values, coping with stressors and members relations
35
Van Kleef (2009) Emotions as Social Information model (EASI)- how do emotional expressions influence others?
- communicating info regarding the originator’s feelings, behavioural intentions etc. (inferential) - affecting others own emotions (affective reaction)
36
Two concepts of shared knowledge
1. Transactive memory 2. Shared mental models
37
Eccles and Tenenbaum (2004) conceptual model of team coordination - shared knowledge
Shared knowledge above communication (more important) - If we don’t have shared knowledge (values, etc.) then communication is useless - Need to be all on some what the same page
38
What is transactive memory?
Represents the different pockets of knowledge held within a group -group mind that all members draw from
39
What does transactive memory include?
- smaller pockets of information that are uniquely held by each member - each member’s knowledge pertaining to who knows what
40
Where did the idea of transactive memory stem from?
- members likely cant share all knowledge/info - so groups create systems where members defer to one another based on certain topics ***only for specific tasks, knowledges need to overlap - just know where to look for specific information
41
Break down of transactive memory
Can break down - these systems fail when members knowledge of who knows what beings to weaken, or when members communicate knowledge poorly
42
What are shared mental models?
common beliefs about… - what the group is achieving - how it achieves these goals - what it means to be a member ***represents the shared knowledge on teams
43
Effective mental models
Allow effective communication and allow members to anticipate their teammates’ behaviours
44
Ex of shared mental model
1. Hockey team has a shared mental model and that is how they anticipate their teammate will be there when they pass the pucks 2. Healthcare team = everyone operates on a shared mental model
45
Tiki Taka examples
- Spanish soccer teams during 1900s and 2000s - Members understand emphasis on possession which results in frequent short passes within small clusters of players - Philosophy that allows teammates to anticipate one another
46
What do strong mental models reduce the need for?
Constant communication
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