Week 6

Question 1

the ability to understand the self and the relationships of the self to the past and present environment

Answer 1

orientation

Question 2

disorientation is indicative of significant impairments in ___ and ___.

Answer 2

attention, memory

Question 3

what is one of the most common symptoms of diffuse brain damage characterized by mild to severe confusion?

Answer 3

disorientation

Question 4

orientation to self involves the ability to do which 2 things?

Answer 4

• report personal facts and events

- describe previous life style

Question 5

orientation to others involves the ability to do which 3 things?

Answer 5

• recognize people
• associate them with their role
• associate them with their names

Question 6

• ability to follow a familiar route.
• ability to describe the relationship between one place to another.
• involves memory

Answer 6

topographical orientation

Question 7

name 2 standardized assessments of orientation.

Answer 7

• GOAT - galveston orientation amnesia test

- benton temporal orientation test

Question 8

described as a wide assortment of skills, processes, and cognitive states (includes: decreased reaction time and speed of information processing)

Answer 8

attention

Question 9

name the 5 components of attention in order.

Answer 9

1. focused attention
2. sustained attention
3. selective attention
4. alternating/shifting attention
5. divided attention

Question 10

basic responding to stimuli: detect/react

Answer 10

focused attention

Question 11

vigilance/maintenance of attention over time during continuous activity; repetitive activity over time

Answer 11

sustained attention

Question 12

freedom from distractibility; out of two stimuli appearing simultaneously attend only to one and ignore the other

Answer 12

selective attention

Question 13

capacity for mental flexibility

Answer 13

alternating/shifting attention

Question 14

ability to respond to two tasks simultaneously.

Answer 14

divided attention

Question 15

• involves the use of cognitive exercises that are designed to improve and remediate attentional systems
• not functional and resemble laboratory tasks

Answer 15

attention process training

Question 16

name 4 treatment methods for attention.

Answer 16

1. attention process training
2. use of strategies and environmental support
3. use of external aids
4. psychosocial support: address the emotional and social factors that can result from attentional deficits

Question 17

which form of attention does listening to target words or sequence on attention tapes and pressing the buzzer when the target is identified address?

Answer 17

sustained attention

Question 18

which form of attention does a paper and pencil task that requires alternating between generating numbers or letters address?

Answer 18

alternating attention

Question 19

which form of attention does counting the number of “ands” while reading address?

Answer 19

divided attention

Question 20

if an individual has difficulty concentrating and processing information, it is important to understand which 2 things?

Answer 20

understand when and where the attention problem is troublesome

Question 21

help clients monitor their activities and focus their attention; ex: device beeps every hour and a client asks himself 1. “what am i currently doing?” 2. “what was i doing before this?” 3. what am i supposed to do next?

Answer 21

orienting procedure

Question 22

helps clients who are tired with maintaining concentration over time: take a break every X period of time; self monitor - take a break when needed

Answer 22

pacing

Question 23

name 2 self-management strategies for attention.

Answer 23

• orienting procedure

- pacing

Question 24

• can assist individuals in tracking information and initiating planned activities
• ex: written calendar system with day planners, written checklists, electronic organizers, voice activated message recorders

Answer 24

external devices

Question 25

a failure to orient to, respond to or report stimuli presented on the side contralateral to the cerebral lesion in patients who do not have primary sensory or motor deficit

Answer 25

unilateral neglect

Question 26

name 3 traditional assessments for unilateral neglect.

Answer 26

- letter cancellation - line bisection - drew a person, clock, house

Question 27

semi functional assessment for unilateral neglect; assesses eating a meal, dialing telephone, reading menu, telling and setting time, sorting corns, copying an address, following a map, arranging cookies in a tray

Answer 27

rivermead behavioral inattention test (RBIT)

Question 28

- combines mental imagery and attention training and was developed to address effect of neglect on long-term post-injury recovery and outcomes - with demonstration of how to move head and eyes together, and the level of cueing needed, therapists ask patients to find first 3D objects and then flat pictures of objects placed in front of them

Answer 28

the lighthouse strategy (LHS)

Question 29

describe training session one for the LHS.

Answer 29

- simple line-drawing of a lighthouse is used to make an analogy between consequences for ships and persons who are not able to see where they are going. - this introduction paves the way for demonstration of how patients can become like lighthouses to improve their own safety. - all other therapists are informed that patients have begun LHS training and the level of cueing they require.

Question 30

describe training session two for LHS.

Answer 30

- therapists review the LHS and go back over the picture again at the beginning of the session. - patients are then taken around the environment and are asked to point out objects on the left or right side. cues to use the LHS are given when needed.

Question 31

strategy of using a target to visually seek on the left side. ex: bright post-it notes

Answer 31

anchoring

Question 32

which cognitive skills are required for orientation?

Answer 32

- memory - visuospatial - executive functions

Question 33

which populations have the most issues with orientation?

Answer 33

pts. with dementia

Question 34

name some treatment methods in which you can help orient individuals with dementia or people in the ICU.

Answer 34

- working on sensory stimulation - opening blinds, essential oils, perfumes, music, proprioceptive stimulation - family should touch them - cognitively - provide them with pictures from home and important people in their lives, calendar and clock in their room, newspapers

Question 35

name an example of an assessment for selective attention.

Answer 35

timed IADL test

Question 36

name an example of an assessment for attention.

Answer 36

timed everyday attention task (TEA)

Question 37

which approach is attention process training associated with?

Answer 37

- remedial deficit specific approach | - moves from focused attention to the other forms in order

Question 38

what is a key component in self-management?

Answer 38

self-awareness

Question 39

name 3 types of spatial aspects of neglect during functional activities.

Answer 39

- personal or body neglect - near extra-personal - far extra-personal

Question 40

within arm's reach

Answer 40

near extra-personal

Question 41

far away, within the environment

Answer 41

far extra-personal

Question 42

unilateral neglect is a ___.

Answer 42

spectrum