Week 9

Question 1

• gives us the ability to draw upon past experience and learn new information
• provides us with a sense of continuity in the environment and frees us from dependency in “here and now” situations.

Answer 1

memory

Question 2

name the 4 sub-processes involved with memory.

Answer 2

• attention
• encoding
• storage
• retrieval

Question 3

individuals with ___ impairments may report that they have memory problems.

Answer 3

attention

Question 4

the ability to assign meaningfulness to verbal or nonverbal sensory info so that it can be recalled later

Answer 4

encoding

Question 5

transfer of info into long-term memory which is a permanent memory store, sometimes referred to as retention.

Answer 5

storage

Question 6

search for or activation of existing memory traces

Answer 6

retrieval

Question 7

___ problems are known to be related to faulty organization of information at the time of encoding.

Answer 7

retrieval

Question 8

name the 3 stages in the stage model of memory.

Answer 8

• sensory memory
• short-term memory
• long-term memory

Question 9

• stored for a short period of time

- attend to only certain aspects of this, allowing some of this info to pass into the next stage

Answer 9

sensory memory

Question 10

• the information we are currently aware of or thinking about
• attending to this info allows it to continue on the next stage

Answer 10

short-term memory (STM)

Question 11

most of the information stored in short-term memory will be kept for approx. how many seconds?

Answer 11

20 to 30 seconds (quickly forgotten)

Question 12

• refers to the continuing storage of information.

- some of the info is fairly easy to recall, while other memories are much more difficult to access.

Answer 12

long-term memory (LTM)

Question 13

taking it in - working memory

Answer 13

encoding

Question 14

long-term memory

Answer 14

storage

Question 15

getting it out

Answer 15

retrieval

Question 16

-describe the level of processing theory.

Answer 16

a processing continuum - greater depth of processing leads to greater retention.

Question 17

memory is distributed across a wide network of interconnected neurons located throughout the brain. when activated, this network works simultaneously (in a parallel fashion) to process info.

Answer 17

parallel distributed processing model (level of processing theory)

Question 18

long-term memory is usually divided into which types of memory?

Answer 18

• declarative
• prospective
• procedural

Question 19

name the 2 components of declarative memory.

Answer 19

• episodic

- semantic

Question 20

“knowing that”

Answer 20

declarative memory

Question 21

personally experienced events

Answer 21

episodic memory

Question 22

knowledge of the world, meaning of words, facts, concepts, symbols

Answer 22

semantic memory

Question 23

“what do I have to do”

Answer 23

prospective memory

Question 24

name 2 examples of prospective memory.

Answer 24

• return phone call in 10 mins

- mail letter when you pass mailbox

Question 25

"how to..."

Answer 25

procedural memory

Question 26

which part of the brain plays an important role in memory?

Answer 26

hippocampus

Question 27

consolidates info from short-term memory into long-term memory

Answer 27

hippocampus

Question 28

t/f - being tested on info helps you remember it better.

Answer 28

true

Question 29

most short-term memories are ___ ___.

Answer 29

quickly forgotten

Question 30

- confused and disoriented stage - have difficulty in keeping track of ongoing activities (know where they are or remembering materials presented to them)

Answer 30

post traumatic amnesia

Question 31

- progressive dementia - development of plaque and neurofibrillary tangles in brain - difficulty in free recall - deficit in working memory - combination of amnesic syndrome and disturbances in the central executive system

Answer 31

alzheimer's disease

Question 32

name the 2 different types of amnesia.

Answer 32

- anterograde amnesia | - retrograde amnesia

Question 33

most common; involves the loss of the ability to form new memories.

Answer 33

anterograde amnesia

Question 34

which form of amnesia is the most common?

Answer 34

anterograde amnesia

Question 35

involves losing the ability to recollect past memories, although the ability to create new memories may remain intact. the loss of memories of events that occurred before onset

Answer 35

retrograde amnesia

Question 36

most movies present cases about __ __.

Answer 36

retrograde amnesia

Question 37

which type of amnesia did H.M. have?

Answer 37

anterograde amnesia

Question 38

describe the case of H.M.

Answer 38

- removal of both hippocampi to stop seizures | - as a result, he was no longer able to form any new long-term memories.

Question 39

- knowledge of memory tasks and function | - awareness of one's own memory capacity and limitations

Answer 39

metamemory

Question 40

name 3 aspects of impairment in metamemory.

Answer 40

- inaccurate perception of task demands - poor implementation of strategy - ineffective use of strategies

Question 41

name 5 keys theories regarding why we forget.

Answer 41

- decay - interference - motivated forgetting - encoding failure - retrieval failure

Question 42

- 13 questions based on RMBT - compares ratings of clients before and after RBMT - compares ratings of client, informant, and task performance

Answer 42

the memory awareness rating scale

Question 43

- auditory verbal list learning task | - 3 repeated trials

Answer 43

hopkins verbal learning test (HVLT)

Question 44

same as HVLT, only recall 6 geometric shapes, 10 sec. exposure

Answer 44

brief visuospatial memory test (BBVMT-R)

Question 45

-auditory task - 8-9 digit # over repeated trials

Answer 45

serial digit learning test

Question 46

designed to predict difficulty with everyday memory problems

Answer 46

rivermead behavioral memory test (RMBT)

Question 47

- auditory and visual recall tasks - includes immediate and delated - include recognition task - requires 30-45 mins - 4 parallel versions

Answer 47

rivermead behavioral memory test (RBMT)

Question 48

which ages are involved in the rivermead behavioral memory test (RBMT)? (adult and children)

Answer 48

16-96, children version - 5-10

Question 49

- awareness before and after test - general questioning, specific prediction/estimation - recall of 20 objects - immediate, delayed - spontaneous strategy use - strategy probing and analysis of recall order - part II - strategy provided (induced encoding) - contextual theme - cued recall and recognition

Answer 49

the contextual memory test (CMT ) - dynamic test

Question 50

mental operations that the learners perform on the material to be remembered at the time of the assessment

Answer 50

encoding

Question 51

name the 5 types of retrieval demands.

Answer 51

- free recall - cued recall - recognition - immediate recall - delated recall

Question 52

how many pieces of info are involved in immediate recall?

Answer 52

5-7 pieces of info

Question 53

name 3 interventions used for memory.

Answer 53

- external adaptation, devices, apps, and strategies - memory internal strategy training - memory practice exercise and drill

Question 54

name 4 important considerations of choosing an external compensatory memory system.

Answer 54

- type of functional memory complaints - memory strengths; impairments - personal style; preferences - external support and resources

Question 55

name a solution for remembering routes.

Answer 55

GPS

Question 56

name a solution for remembering to take medications.

Answer 56

medical alarms

Question 57

name the 3 benefits/requirements of external strategies.

Answer 57

- repetition - summarizing - re-thinking

Question 58

name 6 examples of memory internal strategies.

Answer 58

- mental rehearsal - anticipation - mental images and maps (visual imagery) - semantic clustering and chunking - verbal elaboration (story method) - name-face association

Question 59

name 3 methods of intervention for deficit specific training for memory.

Answer 59

- lists of words - mnemonic techniques - computer program

Question 60

name a prerequisite for memory.

Answer 60

attention

Question 61

storage is often referred to as what?

Answer 61

retention

Question 62

which stage of memory involves encoding, storage, and retrieval?

Answer 62

long-term memory

Question 63

remember a few items at the same time - some of it goes into long-term memory and some of it is immediately spit out and then forgotten

Answer 63

working memory

Question 64

immediately spit out

Answer 64

response generator

Question 65

working memory is related to ___ ___.

Answer 65

executive control

Question 66

working memory is associated with which type of attention?

Answer 66

divided attention

Question 67

according to the level of processing theory, the more connections we make with more network, the memory will be ___.

Answer 67

stronger

Question 68

the level of processing theory moves from __ to ___ processing.

Answer 68

shallow to deep

Question 69

___ has an important role in remembering info.

Answer 69

testing/quizzing

Question 70

most people with dementia experience which type of amnesia?

Answer 70

anterograde amnesia

Question 71

people with poor metamemory do not use ____.

Answer 71

strategies

Question 72

slowly we lose it

Answer 72

decay of info

Question 73

there are other things that get in the way of learning

Answer 73

interference

Question 74

designed for mild cognitive training

Answer 74

memory group training

Question 75

have to generate your own info

Answer 75

self-generation

Question 76

if you're being tested immediately after learning info, you will learn better

Answer 76

testing effect

Question 77

you will learn something today, something tmrw, etc. - space it out

Answer 77

spacing effect