Week 9

Question 1

CBPAR

Answer 1

• Community Based Participatory Action Research
• Response to criticism of the scientific paradigm
• Questions role of researcher and how good results are
• distance between researcher and subject

Question 2

CBPAR History

Answer 2

• Emerged independently on different continents in 60’s
• Came through Practical work in Tanzania, Columbia, India
• Not from mainstream academics
• Seems to be a necessity for personal rights and respect - Hall1981

Question 3

Respect for Participants

Answer 3

• People don’t want to be seen as subjects for experiments
• Want good research but don’t want to be treated just like experiments
• don’t got ot community to “find research subjects”
• About getting involved in a community so that it can benefit that community

Question 4

Defining CBPAR

Answer 4

• Can be Qual or Quant
• Democratic & equitable and liberating
• Life enhancing
• Not a distinct methos

Question 5

CBPAR Social Justice

Answer 5

• Transforming understanding of creation of knowledge
• Intentional ongoing process focused on a community
• Mutual respect, critical reflection, caring
• People lacking equality gaing access to resources
• Produce knowledge about those affected by the knowledge
• Activist agenda of information gathering

Question 6

CBPAR Activites

Answer 6

3 pronged Activity designed to support less empowered
1. Social Investigation - Full contribution of the community throughout
2. Educational process of mobilisation for change
3. Action taken for development

Engagement and organisational change through policy creation and evaluation

Question 7

Characteristics of CBPAR

Answer 7

1. Collaborative, equitable partnership throughout
2. Community is the unit of identity
3. Builds on strengths of community
4. Fosters co-learning and capacity building
5. Balance knowledge generation with community benefit
6. Focuses on problems of local relevance
7. Disseminates results and involves all partners in wider dissemination
8. Involves a long-term commitment to sustainability

Question 8

Power Issues CBPAR

Answer 8

• Direct involvement with participants
• Requires collaboration
• Shift unequal power between researcher and community
• Reverse traditional: Researcher is the expert participants are passive
• Informed decisions for and by community
• Primary goals is to create positive social change

Question 9

CBPAR Mutual Benefit

Answer 9

• Redefine knowledge to return agency to the community
• Allows community to be fully involved
• Researcher gives & gains expertise
• Perspectives equally valide to both parties
• Imposed knowledge can lead to exclusion and non-investment
• Researcher deeply identifies with community and commited to de-marginalising or releiving oppression

Question 10

Cyclical CBPAR

Answer 10

• Cyclical process of critcal engagement
• leading towards change for participants and the situation
• Those affected in a situation will provide an effective solution
• Community engagement provides authentic perspective
• Recognition of change over time

Question 11

Primary Goal

Answer 11

• Structural transformation through empowerment
• Give participants skills to be empowered in the greater world
• Supports emancipation from disempowerment and advocates agency

Question 12

CBPAR is not

Answer 12

• Community or Placed/based
• Sporadic or tokenistic
• A specific method or design

Question 13

Ladder of Participation

Answer 13

• A tool to help ppl to discover for themselves
• Insight into ways we support or undermine decision making
• Between academic and community partners

Question 14

Citizen Power

Answer 14

• Citizen Power
• Delegated Power
• Partnership

Question 15

Tokenism

Answer 15

• Placation
• Consultation
• Informing

Question 16

NonParticipation

Answer 16

• Therapy
• Manipulation

Question 17

Levels of Community Involvement

Answer 17

1. Outreach
2. Consult
3. Involve
4. Collaborate
5. Shared Leadership

Question 18

Benefits of CBPAR

Answer 18

• Combines academic knowledge with grassroots knowledge
• Actively engages participants
• More people involved opens horizons
• Allows reflexivity and bias consideration
• Strategically address bias

Question 19

Advantages of CBPAR

Answer 19

• The Social Justice factor
• Facilitates community’s own understandings
• Supports agency, control and change for the better
• Researcher’s role extends beyond reseach
• suppots emancipatory action

Question 20

Challenges of CBPAR

Answer 20

• Greater reflexivity required
• If researcher seems biased then community withdraws
• Rescuer-victim fallacy
• What is participation vs active involvement
• Translate academic speak to natural language without being condescending
• Reconciling opposing views

Question 21

Interdisciplinary Approach - CBPAR

Answer 21

• Because CBPAR is so complex it might seem hard for one researcher alone
• While it is inclusive does not mean psych has a monopoly on this approach

Question 22

Radical Changes - Teams

Answer 22

• Required as part of the research
• Often acheived by including public health, educational, sociological etc professionals
• Social justice requires an army of professionals working together

Question 23

Benefits of Interdisciplinary Approach

Answer 23

• Time to translate researcg is reduced
• Single discipline can struggle to move from efficacy to effectiveness
• Avoids asking wrong questions or looking in the wrong place for data
• Include range of experiences, and comprehensiveness
• Outside researcher accept and appreicate findings more easily

Question 24

Challenges of Interdisciplinary Approach

Answer 24

• Tension between Positivist and anti-positivist
• Tension between other disciplines as well

Question 25

Problems to Anticipate in Interdisciplinary Approach

Answer 25

* Credibility * Singular **POEM** must be decided upon * Transferability - Difficlut to agree on when text has enough rich description * Dependibility - May not agree on the logic or replication of findings * Confirmability - May not agree on or corroborate on the findings * Group dynamics could be flawed