Xerophytes

Question 1

What are xerophytes?

Answer 1

Plants that possess adaptations to limit water loss via transpiration

Xerophytes have various structural adaptations to survive in arid environments.

Question 2

Name one adaptation of xerophytes that reduces the rate of transpiration.

Answer 2

• Thick cuticle
• Hairs on leaf surface
• Rolling up of leaves
• Reduced surface area to volume ratio
• Stomata in epidermal pits

These adaptations help minimize water loss in xerophytic plants.

Question 3

How does a thick cuticle help xerophytes?

Answer 3

Provides a long diffusion pathway, reducing the rate of evaporation

The thick cuticle acts as a barrier to water loss.

Question 4

What is the role of hairs on the leaf surface in xerophytes?

Answer 4

Trap a layer of still air, reducing the water potential gradient for water loss

This adaptation creates a humid environment around the leaf.

Question 5

What happens when leaves roll up in xerophytes?

Answer 5

Traps a layer of still air, reducing the water potential gradient for water loss

This adaptation is observed in plants like marram grass.

Question 6

How does a reduced surface area to volume ratio benefit xerophytes?

Answer 6

Reduces the surface area for water loss

This adaptation is seen in structures like pine needles.

Question 7

Where are stomata positioned in xerophytes to reduce water loss?

Answer 7

In epidermal pits or grooves beneath the leaf surface

This positioning reduces exposure to air currents.

Question 8

What is the effect of moist air inside a leaf?

Answer 8

Creates a high water potential inside the leaf

This moisture helps maintain the leaf’s water status.

Question 9

True or false: Xerophytes have adaptations that increase the rate of transpiration.

Answer 9

FALSE

Xerophytes are specifically adapted to limit water loss.