04 - Developmental Abnormalities (cont)

Question 1

(Fungal (mycotic) Rhinitis

1. caused by what?
2. inhaled fungal spores lodge where?
3. chronic necrotizing to granulomatous rhinitis in dogs; destruction of what?

Answer 1

1. aspergillus fumigatus and penicillium sp.
2. in nasal cavity
3. turbinate bone

Question 2

(Nasal Parasitism)

1. ? = canine naasal mite

Answer 2

1. pneumonyssoides

Question 3

? = nasal bot of sheep and goats

Answer 3

oestrus ovis

Question 4

1. polyp caused by some sort of chronic inflammation in eustachian tube
2. any animals can develop paranasal cyst - cause is uncertain - WHAT is biggest effect of this

Answer 4

2. poor passage of air

Question 5

(Neoplasia: Nasal Cavity, Paranasal Sinuses)

(clinical signs)

1. possible unilateral nasal discharge
2. usually what turbinates?
3. bone lysis, soft tissue swelling on radiographs
4. metastasis is common or rare?

(Tumore types)

5. carcinoma and sarcoma locally invasive… destroy what? can invade what?
6. what are the most common? less common?

Answer 5

2. caudal turbinates
3. rare
4. carcinoma and sarcoma
5. bone and soft tissues… cribriform plate
6. carcinoma and adenocarcinoma; sarcoma

Question 6

(Endemic Ethmoidal Tumors of Sheep, Goats, and Cattle)

1. Likely arise from what?
2. what kind?
3. What is the cause?

Answer 6

1. glands of the nasal cavity
2. carcinoma/adenocarcinoma
3. oncogenic retrovirus

Question 7

Answer 7

D

Question 8

Answer 8

C

black means melanoma

red means hemangiosarcoma

Question 9

(Guttural Pouch Disease)

Ventral diverticulum of Eustachian tube –> ?

1. guttural pouch tympany - air
2. mycosis from moldy hair - form what spp?
3. empyema (collection of pus within a naturally existing anatomical cavity) - from what?

(Severe complications of 2 and 3)

1-3. 3 of them… name them

Answer 9

poor drainage

2. aspergillus spp.
3. streptococcus equi
4. rupture of in. carotid artery
5. invasion of local cranial nerves –> neurological deficits (6,9,10,11,12)
6. thromboembolism (blocking of vessel by particle that has broken away)

Question 10

(Pathology of Pharynx and Larynx)

1-2. Disease can cause… what two things

Answer 10

1. disruption of air conduction
2. laryngeal dysfuction (excessive breathing noise, choking/dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia, voice change)

(then read thing)

(the arytenooid epilgootic fold covers epiglottis)

Question 11

(Pharyngeal Lymphoid Hyperplasia)

1. What kind of horse?
2. what age?
3. what is the effect of obstruction
4. what in the dorsal pharyngeal wall?
5. idiopathic or secondary to bacterial pharyngitis

Answer 11

1. thoroughbred race horse
2. < 5 years, mean 2 years
3. exercise intolerance
4. white polypoid projections

Question 12

(Laryngeal Hemiplegia = Roaring)

1. inspiratory noise and exercise intolerance in large horses
2. degeneration of what nerve?
3. leads to atrophy of what?
4. idiopathic?

Answer 12

2. left recurrent laryngeal nerve (has longer axons, loss of myelinated fibers)
3. the left cricoarytenoid muscle (main abductor of the laryngeal fold/vocal cord)
4. often

Question 13

(Developmental Defect: Trachea)

Question 14

(developmental defect: tracheal collapse)

1. in what breeds?
2. focal hypocellularity of cartilage and replacement by what?

Answer 14

1. toy and miniature breeds
2. fibrous tissue

Question 15

(Development defect: trachea)

(Tracheal collapse)

1. Inspiratory dyspnea: collapse of what?
2. increased or decreased negative pressure in thoracic cavity? what happens to lungs?

Answer 15

1. extrathoracic trachea
2. increased; expand

Question 16

(Developmental defect: trachea)

(tracheal collapse)

1. expiratory dyspnea: collapse of what?
2. decreased or increased negative pressure in thoracic cavity?
3. relative collapse of what?
4. air rushing out increases pressure of extrathoracic parts which does what?

Answer 16

1. intrathoracic trachea
2. decreased
3. alveoli (surfactant important)
4. tends to open them up

Question 17

(Tracheal inflammation)

1. Tracheitis… often caused by what?
2. toxic fumes cause what?

Answer 17

1. virus
2. necrosis of epithelium

Question 18

(Tracheal neoplasms)

1. how common?
2. occasional osteochondroma, osteosarcoma, leiomyoma

Answer 18

1. rare

Question 19

read

Question 20

(tracheal parasitism)

1. what affect trachea and bronchi (nodules in the mucosa)
2. found in what?

What is the name of the tracheal mite of passerines, eg.. finches, canaries

Answer 20

Question 21

What is scientific name for gapeworm?

Answer 21

Question 22

Answer 22

continue to next slide

Question 23

Question 24

Answer 24

C

Question 25

Answer 25

B

Question 26

Answer 26

D

Question 27

(consquences) ... 1. resistance? 2. alveolar ventilaition? 3. --\> ?

Answer 27

1. increase 2. decrease 3. exercise intolerance

Question 28

DO NOT MEMORIZE CHART - JUST L OEKA T IT