1
Q
- Is the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of society.
- Symbol of hardwork in tv.
- “The Ultimate icon of Americana”
A
McDonalization
2
Q
- Measures the purchasing power of currencies
A
Big Mac Index
3
Q
- Demands of the fast food industry have forced other industries that service it to also McDonaldize.
A
Vertical McDonalization
3
Q
- That no two countries with McDonald’s ever to go war.
A
Golden Arches Theory of Conflict Prevention
4
Q
- Argues that modern society is increasingly shaped by a process of rationalization, with fast-food restaurant – especially McDonald’s – as the model.
- This process emphasized the 5 key Dimensions but also produces irrationality of rationality” (unintended negative consequences).
A
Ritzer
5
Q
- Efficiency
- Finding the quickest, most optimal means to achieve goals.
- Examples: fast-food restaurants, TV dinners, drive-thoughts, assembly-line production. - Predictability
- Standardization ensures uniform experiences across time and space.
- Examples: identical menus, packaged tours, theme parks, standardized education. - Calculability (Quantity over Quality)
- Emphasis on measurable outcomes rather than qualitative aspects.
- Examples: grades and test scores in education, publication counts in academia, TV ratings, “billions served” at McDonald’s. - Substitution of Non-Human Technology
- Replacing human labor and autonomy with machines and automated systems.
- Examples: robots in manufacturing, automated food preparation, electronic churches, media-driven politics. - Control
- Rational systems seek to control uncertainty and human behavior.
- Examples: genetic engineering, assembly lines, fast-food layouts that guide customer behavior.
A
Key Dimensiosn of McDonalization
6
Q
- Finding the quickest, most optimal means to achieve goals.
- Examples: fast-food restaurants, TV dinners, drive-thoughts, assembly-line production.
A
- Efficiency
7
Q
- Standardization ensures uniform experiences across time and space.
- Examples: identical menus, packaged tours, theme parks, standardized education.
A
- Predictability
8
Q
- Emphasis on measurable outcomes rather than qualitative aspects.
- Examples: grades and test scores in education, publication counts in academia, TV ratings, “billions served” at McDonald’s.
A
- Calculability (Quantity over Quality)
9
Q
- Replacing human labor and autonomy with machines and automated systems.
- Examples: robots in manufacturing, automated food preparation, electronic churches, media-driven politics.
A
- Substitution of Non-Human Technology
10
Q
- Rational systems seek to control uncertainty and human behavior.
- Examples: genetic engineering, assembly lines, fast-food layouts that guide customer behavior.
A
- Control
11
Q
- Despite it benefits, rationalization often leads to dehumanization, disenchantment, and harmful consequences:
o Health issues from fast good (obesity, high cholesterol).
o Environmental and social costs (loss of family meals, destruction of individuality).
o Overemphasis on numbers can distort quality and values (e.g., education, politics).
A
The Irrationality of Rationality
12
Q
- Ritzer does not advocate for a return to a pre-rational society.
- Instead he advocates for improved control and management of rationalization to mitigate its negative effects while preserving its benefits.
A
Conclusion
13
Q
Downsides:
The fifth dimension of McDonalization can thus be seen as the Irrationality of Rationality
A
A Critique of McDonalization
14
Q
- Efficiency
- Customers do much of the work, one-stop shopping, most items on site. - Calculability
- Huge size of the stores, feeling that you are getting a lot at a low price. - Predictability
- Size, store layout, types of furniture. - Control
- The maze-lie layout leads consumers through. - Irrationality of Rationality
- Time spent getting there and wandering through the store, the difficulty in assembling many of the products.
A
The Case of IKEA
15
Q
- Huge size of the stores, feeling that you are getting a lot at a low price.
A
- Calculability
16
Q
- Customers do much of the work, one-stop shopping, most items on site.
A
- Efficiency
17
Q
- Size, store layout, types of furniture.
A
- Predictability
18
Q
- The maze-lie layout leads consumers through.
A
- Control
19
Q
- Time spent getting there and wandering through the store, the difficulty in assembling many of the products.
A
- Irrationality of Rationality
20
Q
- Immanuel Wallerstein, Leslie Sklair
- In 1950s, the dominant theory was modernisation theory.
- Its problem was that some countries were not developing.
A
- World system theory
20
Q
(Lechner & Boli, 2005)
1. World system theory
- Immanuel Wallerstein, Leslie Sklair
- In 1950s, the dominant theory was modernisation theory.
- Its problem was that some countries were not developing.
2. Neorealism/neoliberal institutionalism
- Robert Keohane & Joseph Nye: Complex interdependence
- Neoliberalism has accelerated and shaped globalization.
3. World policy theory
- A sociological perspective that explains globalization as process driven by the diffusion of global norms, values, and institution rather than just economic forces.
4. World culture theory
- Explain globalization as the spread of shared cultural values, identities, and symbols worldwide. K-pop.
5. Modernist Theory: A Functionalist Approach
- Global inequality results from various dysfunctional characteristics of poor societies.
6. Dependency Theory: A conflict Approach
- For the past 500 years, the most powerful countries in the world deliberately impoverished the less powerful countries.
A
Theories of G
21
Q
- Robert Keohane & Joseph Nye: Complex interdependence
- Neoliberalism has accelerated and shaped globalization.
A
- Neorealism/neoliberal institutionalism
22
Q
- A sociological perspective that explains globalization as process driven by the diffusion of global norms, values, and institution rather than just economic forces.
A
- World policy theory
23
- Explain globalization as the spread of shared cultural values, identities, and symbols worldwide. K-pop.
4. World culture theory
24
- Global inequality results from various dysfunctional characteristics of poor societies.
5. Modernist Theory: A Functionalist Approach
25
- For the past 500 years, the most powerful countries in the world deliberately impoverished the less powerful countries.
6. Dependency Theory: A conflict Approach
26
- Refers to the systems, institutions, and cooperative mechanism through which nations manage global issues that no single state can solve alone-such as climate change, trade, terrorism, pandemics, and conflicts.
Global Governance
27
1. Climate change
- Influenced by other countries
2. Pandemics
- COVID-19 spread globally in weeks
3. International terrorism & cybercrime
- Criminal networks operate across borders
4. Trade & finance
- Countries depend on each other’s markets
Certain problems across borders
28
- Influenced by other countries
1. Climate change
29
- COVID-19 spread globally in weeks
2. Pandemics
29
- Criminal networks operate across borders
3. International terrorism & cybercrime
30
- Countries depend on each other’s markets
4. Trade & finance
31
1. Nation-states
- Primary actors
- They negotiate treaties
2. Intergovernmental Organization (IGOs)
- Organizations made up of governments
3. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
- Influence global policy and advocate for human rights
4. Multinational Corporations (MNCs)
- Private companies that shape the global economy
5. Civil Society and Individuals
- Social movements, climate activists
Key Actors in Global Governance
32
- Primary actors
- They negotiate treaties
1. Nation-states
33
- Influence global policy and advocate for human rights
3. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
34
- Organizations made up of governments
2. Intergovernmental Organization (IGOs)
35
- Private companies that shape the global economy
4. Multinational Corporations (MNCs)
35
- Social movements, climate activists
5. Civil Society and Individuals
36
1. Sovereignty
- States are still independent and make their own decisions.
2. Interdependence
- Countries are connected economically, socially, and environmentally.
3. Collective Action
- States must work together to solve shared problems.
4. Rule of Law
- International laws and treaties guide cooperation.
5. Transparency & Accountability
- Institutions must be responsible and open in decision-making.
5 Principles of Global Governance
37
- States are still independent and make their own decisions.
1. Sovereignty
38
- Countries are connected economically, socially, and environmentally.
2. Interdependence
39
- States must work together to solve shared problems.
3. Collective Action
40
- International laws and treaties guide cooperation.
4. Rule of Law
40
- Institutions must be responsible and open in decision-making.
5. Transparency & Accountability
41
1. Global Level
- UN, WTO, WHO, IMF
- Addresses worldwide issues.
2. Regional Level
- ASEAN, EU, AU
- Solved regional concerns like trade, migration, and security.
3. National Level
- Implementation of global agreements.
4. Local Level
- Local governments and communities participating in global efforts.
Forms of Global Governance
42
- UN, WTO, WHO, IMF
- Addresses worldwide issues.
1. Global Level
42
- ASEAN, EU, AU
- Solved regional concerns like trade, migration, and security.
2. Regional Level
43
- Implementation of global agreements.
3. National Level
44
- Local governments and communities participating in global efforts.
4. Local Level
44
1. Inequality of Power
- Some countries have more influence than others.
2. Sovereignty Concerns
- Global rules may conflict with national autonomy.
3. Representation
- Developing countries often feel underrepresented in global institutions.
4. Accountability
- Some global organizations lack transparency.
5. Cultural Differences
- Values and norms vary across cultures.
Issues and Criticism
45
- Some countries have more influence than others.
1. Inequality of Power
46
- Global rules may conflict with national autonomy.
2. Sovereignty Concerns
46
- Developing countries often feel underrepresented in global institutions.
3. Representation
47
- Some global organizations lack transparency.
4. Accountability
48
- Values and norms vary across cultures.
5. Cultural Differences
49
- Founded on 1945
- Members are 193 countries
- Purpose is to maintain international peace, protect human rights, promote development.
1) United Nations (UN)
49
24th October – is celebrated as United Nations Day
24 Oct, 1045
50
– is celebrated as United Nations Day
India an Original Member (first 50)
24th October
51
1. The General Assembly
- All the members of UN are members of General Assembly.
- Each State has 5 representatives.
However, each state has one Vote only.
- 3rd Tuesday of September every year the regular session starts which end in third week of December.
- Elects one President, 21 Vice Presidents and 6 Chairmen for Organs /Committees of UN.
2. The Security Council
- Consists of 15 members.
5 Permanent Members: China, France, Russia, Britain and USA.
- 9 votes needed to take any decision.
- VETO POWER: negative votes of Permant memebers is called as Veto.
3. The International Court of Justice
- Consists of 15 Judges elected for a term of 9 years.
- Not more than One Judge from one Nationality.
- Judges are elected by General Assembly and Security Council and are independent.
- Every 3 years election is held
Organs/Committees of UN
52
- Consists of 15 members.
5 Permanent Members: China, France, Russia, Britain and USA.
- 9 votes needed to take any decision.
- VETO POWER: negative votes of Permant memebers is called as Veto.
2. The Security Council
52
- All the members of UN are members of General Assembly.
- Each State has 5 representatives.
However, each state has one Vote only.
- 3rd Tuesday of September every year the regular session starts which end in third week of December.
- Elects one President, 21 Vice Presidents and 6 Chairmen for Organs /Committees of UN.
1. The General Assembly
53
- Founded on 1967
- Members are 10 Southeast Asian nations
- Purpose is Regional peace, economic growth, cooperation.
2) Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
53
- Consists of 15 Judges elected for a term of 9 years.
- Not more than One Judge from one Nationality.
- Judges are elected by General Assembly and Security Council and are independent.
- Every 3 years election is held
3. The International Court of Justice
54
1. Brunei Darussalam (7 January 1984)
2. Cambodia (30 April 1999)
3. Indonesia (8 August 1967)
4. Lao PDR (23 July 1997)
5. Malaysia (8 August 1967)\
6. Myanmar (23 July 1997)
7. The Philippines (8 August 1967)
8. Singapore (8 August 1967)
9. Thailand (8 August 1967)
10. Viet Nam (28 July 1995)
ASEAN
55
1. Adam Malik (Indonesia)
2. Narciso R. Ramos (Philippines)
3. Tun Abdul Razak (Malaysia)
4. S. Rajaratnam (Singapore
5. Thanat Khoman (Thailand)
Founding Fathers of ASEAN: 5 Foreign Ministers
56
- Bangkok Declaration
- Signed by the Five ASEAN Founding Fathers
- “ASEAN DAY”
August 8, 1967
57
- Countries work together though institutions.
- Example: Paris Climate Agreement
1. Multilateralism
57
August 8, 1967
- Bangkok Declaration
- Signed by the Five ASEAN Founding Fathers
- “ASEAN DAY”
Birth of ASEAN
58
- A country acts alone without consulting others.
- Example: A country imposing tariffs without negotiation.
2. Unilateralism
59
- Existing or happening now; belonging to the same or a stated period in the past.
- From Lt. con (together with) and tempos/tempor (time)
- Contemporarious
Contemporary
60
- Globalizaton by him is_
- The process of the shrinking of the world, the shortening of distances, and the closeness of the things.
Thomas Larsson
61
- Of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations.
1. Process
62
- By international trade and investment.
2. Driven
63
- On the environment, culture, political systems, economic development, prosperity, and on human physical well-being.
4. Effects
63
- Refers to the process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, cultures, economics, and people worldwide.
- It involves the flow of goods, services, information, technology, ideas, and people across borders, creating a more integrated global society.
Globalization
63
- By information technology.
3. Aided
63
1. Economic integration
- Through trade and investment.
2. Cultural exchange
- Though media, migration, and communication.
3. Technological connectivity
- Via the internet and digital platforms.
4. Political cooperation
- Through international organizations and treaties.
Key Aspects
64
- Through trade and investment.
1. Economic integration
64
- Though media, migration, and communication.
2. Cultural exchange
65
- Via the internet and digital platforms.
3. Technological connectivity
66
- Through international organizations and treaties.
4. Political cooperation
67
- Silk Road (2nd century BCS)
- Connected Asia, the middle East, and Europe facilitating exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures.
Ancient Trade Routes
67
- Social scientists see it as a very recent phenomenon, something that might go back to the period following the major economic crisis of 1073-74, perhaps to 1945.
When did Globalization Begin?
68
- European colonization spread goods, languages, and governance systems worldwide.
Colonial Era (16th-19th centuries)
69
- (1565-1815)
- Was a trans-Pacific trade route connecting Manila (Philippines and Acapulco [Mexico] under Spanish colonial rule.
- It lasted for 250 years, making it one of the longest-running trade systems in history.
The Manila-Acapulco Trade and Globalization
70
- Silk, porcelain, spices, and silver
1. Economic Integration
70
1. Economic Integration
- Silk, porcelain, spices, and silver
2. Cultural Exchange
- New foods language, and religious practice.
3. Technological and Navigational Advances
- Navigation and shipbuilding.
4. Early Global Economy
- Trade systems.
Impact on Globalization
71
- New foods language, and religious practice.
2. Cultural Exchange
71
- Navigation and shipbuilding.
3. Technological and Navigational Advances
71
- Trade systems.
4. Early Global Economy
72
1. International Organization
- Promotes voluntary cooperation and coordination between or among members.
a. Intergovernmental Organizations (IGO)
- Composed of nation-states that promote voluntarily cooperation and coordination among its members.
b. Supranational Organization
- Member states either global or regional, they surrender their power in specific areas to the higher organization.
- This is an entity where member states formed for mutual benefit and in pursuit of shared goals.
2. International Non-governmental Organizations
- Tries to help in alleviating the problems as hunger, disease, illiteracy and inequalities.
3. Large Manufacturing Corporation
- These corporations sells goods and manufactures products.
a. Multinational Corporation (MNC)
- Known as global corporation
- Entity that owns and controls production of goods or services in one or more countries aside from their home country.
- Ex: Jollibee, Microsoft, Coca-cola.
b. Transnational Corporation (TNC)
- Commercial enterprise that operates substantial facilities that does business in more than one country.
- Ex: Walmart, Starbucks, Toyota.
4. Media
- Are communication outlets or tools used to store and deliver information.
- Refers to components of the mass media communications industry, such as print media.
5. Multilateral Development Banks
- Are international financial institutions owned by countries.
- These institutions provide loans, grants guarantee to public and private sector projects in developing countries.
6. Nation-States
- Refer to a certain form of state that derives its political legitimacy from serving as sovereign entity for a nation within its sovereign territorial space.
Key Players/Actors in Globalization
72
- Composed of nation-states that promote voluntarily cooperation and coordination among its members.
a. Intergovernmental Organizations (IGO)
72
- Promotes voluntary cooperation and coordination between or among members.
1. International Organization
73
- Member states either global or regional, they surrender their power in specific areas to the higher organization.
- This is an entity where member states formed for mutual benefit and in pursuit of shared goals.
b. Supranational Organization
74
- Tries to help in alleviating the problems as hunger, disease, illiteracy and inequalities.
2. International Non-governmental Organizations
74
- These corporations sells goods and manufactures products.
3. Large Manufacturing Corporation
75
- Known as global corporation
- Entity that owns and controls production of goods or services in one or more countries aside from their home country.
- Ex: Jollibee, Microsoft, Coca-cola.
a. Multinational Corporation (MNC)
76
- Are international financial institutions owned by countries.
- These institutions provide loans, grants guarantee to public and private sector projects in developing countries.
5. Multilateral Development Banks
76
- Are communication outlets or tools used to store and deliver information.
- Refers to components of the mass media communications industry, such as print media.
4. Media
76
- Commercial enterprise that operates substantial facilities that does business in more than one country.
- Ex: Walmart, Starbucks, Toyota.
b. Transnational Corporation (TNC)
77
- Refer to a certain form of state that derives its political legitimacy from serving as sovereign entity for a nation within its sovereign territorial space.
6. Nation-States
77
1. Multinational Corporation
- Business that has direct investments abroad in multiple countries.
2. Small Businesses and Entrepreneurs
- Small companies and individuals becoming increasingly active in international trade and investment.
3. Born Global Firm
- Adopts a global perspective and engages in international business from or near its inception.
International Business Players
78
- Business that has direct investments abroad in multiple countries.
1. Multinational Corporation
78
- Small companies and individuals becoming increasingly active in international trade and investment.
2. Small Businesses and Entrepreneurs
79
- Adopts a global perspective and engages in international business from or near its inception.
3. Born Global Firm
80
- Economies, cultures, population
1. Globalization
81
- Ideologies conflicts, governance
2. Politics
81
- Trade, finance, economic
3. Economics
82
- Digital revolution, AI, biotechnology
4. Technology
83
- Arts, literature, media
5. Culture
84
- Climate change, sustainability, conservation efforts
6. Environment
85
- Modern diplomacy, international organization, global conflicts
8. International Relations
85
- Human rights, gender equality, social justice
7. Social Issues
86
1. Financial Globalization
- Stock market trading in New York stock exchange can affect Tokyo and Hong Kong.
- Reflects interconnectivity of network of world cities, not nations.
2. Economic Globalization
- Companies move their production and capital to any market that will benefit the company.
- Refers to the free movement of goods, capital, services, technology and information.
3. Technological Globalization
- “Global Village” has expanded to every corner of the globe with growth in:
o Travel communication
o Computer technology
o Mobile phones
4. Political Globalization
- As countries become more economically and technologically interdependent, there is pressure to adopt uniform policies
- NAFTA: Free trade
5. Cultural Globalization
- Harmonization of world cultures at the expense of distinctly different local cultures.
- Loss of world cultural diversity, replaced by primarily Americanized world cultures.
6. Sociological Globalization
- Idea that a single “world” society has evolved, replacing distinct national societies that previously existed.
- Moral beliefs
7. Ecological Globalization
- The planet must be treated as a single ecological system rather than a collection of separate ecological systems.
- Ozone depletion, failed Kyoto and Montreal protocol.
8. Geographical Globalization
- Geographers don’t see the world in terms of relationships between countries anymore.
- A borderless world dominated by worldwide concerns.
8 Types of Globalization
87
- Companies move their production and capital to any market that will benefit the company.
- Refers to the free movement of goods, capital, services, technology and information.
2. Economic Globalization
87
- Stock market trading in New York stock exchange can affect Tokyo and Hong Kong.
- Reflects interconnectivity of network of world cities, not nations.
1. Financial Globalization
88
- As countries become more economically and technologically interdependent, there is pressure to adopt uniform policies
- NAFTA: Free trade
4. Political Globalization
88
- Harmonization of world cultures at the expense of distinctly different local cultures.
- Loss of world cultural diversity, replaced by primarily Americanized world cultures.
5. Cultural Globalization
88
- “Global Village” has expanded to every corner of the globe with growth in:
o Travel communication
o Computer technology
o Mobile phones
3. Technological Globalization
89
- Idea that a single “world” society has evolved, replacing distinct national societies that previously existed.
- Moral beliefs
6. Sociological Globalization
90
- The planet must be treated as a single ecological system rather than a collection of separate ecological systems.
- Ozone depletion, failed Kyoto and Montreal protocol.
7. Ecological Globalization
91
- Geographers don’t see the world in terms of relationships between countries anymore.
- A borderless world dominated by worldwide concerns.
8. Geographical Globalization
91
- It can widen the gap between rich and poor.
Negative Effect of Globalization on Equality
91
- It can increase access to opportunities and resources for more people.
Positive Effect of Globalization on Equality
91
- It can create more jobs and improve work standards.
Positive Effect of Globalization on Labor Conditions
92
- It can lead to low wages and worker exploitation.
Negative Effect of Globalization on Labor Conditions
93
1. Technology
- Has made it possible to move objects and information over long distances quickly and inexpensively.
2. Politics
- Is important in bringing people from far away together in both micro and macro ways.
3. Economics
- Transnational corporations are the most important agents of globalization in the world today.
a. Transnational Corporations difference
- Sell to domestic markets, rely on established marketing, work with national governments.
Sources of Globalization
93
- Has made it possible to move objects and information over long distances quickly and inexpensively.
1. Technology
94
- Is important in bringing people from far away together in both micro and macro ways.
2. Politics
95
- Transnational corporations are the most important agents of globalization in the world today.
3. Economics
96
- Sell to domestic markets, rely on established marketing, work with national governments.
a. Transnational Corporations difference
97
- Globalization is homogenizing the world.
- Many economic and financial institutions around the world now operate in roughly the same way.
- Because of McDonalization, the values of efficiency, calculability, and predictability have spread from the US to the entire planet and from fast-food restaurants to virtually all spheres of life.
Globalization Causing Homogenization
98
- Trend toward greater economic, cultural, political and technological interdependence among national institutions and economies.
Globalization
99
- Convergence in buyer preferences in markets around the world
1. Globalization of Markets
99
- Dispersal of production activities worldwide to minimize costs or maximize quality
2. Globalization of production
100
1. Physical security
- Examine company vulnerability and create a disaster recovery plan.
2. Digital security
- Guard proprietary information and confidential communications.
3. Reputational risk
- Require ethical and lawful behavior from all employees and business partners.
Challenges to Business
101
- Examine company vulnerability and create a disaster recovery plan.
1. Physical security
102
- Require ethical and lawful behavior from all employees and business partners.
3. Reputational risk
102
- Guard proprietary information and confidential communications.
2. Digital security
103
1. GATT
- (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trades)
2. WTO
- (World Trade Organization)
3. Regional trade Agreements
- (ASEAN, APEC, NAFTA, etc.)
Globalization Drivers I
104
- (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trades)
1. GATT
105
- (World Trade Organization)
2. WTO
106
- (ASEAN, APEC, NAFTA, etc.)
3. Regional trade Agreements
107
1. A smaller share of goods is trades across borders.
2. Services trade is growing 60% faster than goods trade.
3. Labor-cost arbitrage has become less important.
4. R&D and innovation are becoming increasingly important.
5. Trade in becoming concentrated within region.
5 Hidden Ways That Globalization is Changing
108
1. Inequality within nations
- Poor people in developing nations benefit most from an open economy.
2. Inequality between nations
- Nations open to world trade and investment grow faster than rich nations.
3. Global inequality
- Inequality has fallen, but experts disagree on the extent of the decline.
Income Inequality
109
- Poor people in developing nations benefit most from an open economy.
1. Inequality within nations
110
- Nations open to world trade and investment grow faster than rich nations.
2. Inequality between nations
111
- Inequality has fallen, but experts disagree on the extent of the decline.
3. Global inequality
1ST YEAR
flashcards
Decks in class (18)
# Cards
-
1. finals_Intro to psych96
-
1. finals_Childe180
-
1. finals_Intro to psych2152
-
1. finals_STS72
-
1. midterm_fil psych138
-
1. midterm_fil psych0.178
-
1. midterm_UTS55
-
UTS situational 1&239
-
1. midterm_fil psych 2&3106
-
1. midterm_rizal231
-
1. midterm_UTS 3&486
-
1. midterm_fil psych 4116
-
1. midterm_UTS full138
-
1. midterm_contemp149
-
1. midterm_dev psych92
-
1. midterm_Chem69
-
1. finals_fil psych 5&647
-
A. finals_fil psych 5&679
