BIOL155 W2 > #25 > Flashcards

#25 Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

Moves blood from the heart TO THE LUNGS and back
-PICKING UP OXYGEN

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2
Q

Systemic circuit

A

moves OXYGENATED blood from the heart to all other organs in the body and back
- DELIVERING OXYGEN

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3
Q

Veins

A

Typically oxygen poor, carrying blood to the heart

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4
Q

Arteries

A

Typically oxygen rich, carrying blood away from the heart

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5
Q

Right Atrium

A

upper right chambe of the heart

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6
Q

Right ventricle

A

lower right chamber of the heart

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7
Q

Right ventricle

A

lower right chamber of the heart

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8
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Valve on the right side of the heart. Has 3 flaps that open to let deoxygenated blood flow into the right ventricle and clow to prevent it from leaking back int othe atrium

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9
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
- opens during systolic phase to allow blood to flow into the lungs and closes during diastolic phase to prevent backflow into the right ventricle

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10
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Blood vessels that carry oxygen poor blood to the lungs

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11
Q

The _____ receives deoxygenated blood from the ______ which contracts

A

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava which contracts

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

The right ventricle contracts and pushes blood through the pulmonary ____ then the pulmonary _____

A

The right ventricle contracts and pushes blood through the pulmonary valve then the pulmonary artery

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14
Q

Blood goes through the lungs to pick up ___

A

oxygen

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15
Q

oxygenated blood leaves to lungs to go through the _______ into the _____

A

pulmonary veins into the left atrium

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16
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood back to the left atrium

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17
Q

Left atrium

A

upper left chamber of the heart

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18
Q

Left ventricle

A

Lower left chamber of the heart

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19
Q

Bicuspid/Mitral valve

A

valve on the left side of the heart, has 2 flaps that open to let oxygen-rich blood flow in and then closes to prevent backflow

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20
Q

oxygenated blood leaves through the _______ into the ______ and contracts sending blood through the ______ through the ______

A

oxygenated blood leaves through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium and contracts sending blood through the mitral valve through the left ventricle

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21
Q

Aortic valve

A

heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta

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22
Q

Aorta

A

main artery of the body

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23
Q

_____ contracts sending the oxygenated blood through the _______ into the aorta and through the rest of the body

A

left ventricle contracts sending the oxygenated blood through the aortic valve into the aorta and through the rest of the body

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24
Q

How does blood flow through blood vessels?

Study These Flashcards
A

Heart > arteries > capillaries > veins

25
Arteries have what kind of structure?
thick elastic walls and narrow lumen to handle high pressure from the heart
26
Veins have what kind of structure?
thinner walls and wider lumens and valves for low-pressure return
27
Capillaries
smaller blood vessels delivering nutrients and oxygen to the body
28
What kind of structure do capillaries have?
single-cell leaky walls for effiencet material exchange
29
What happens when cells use up oxygen?
Flows from the systemic circuit to the pulmonary circuit
30
What are the four chambers of the heart separated by?
Septum
31
What do the walls of the heart consist of?
endocardium,muscular myocardium and outer epicardium
32
What is endocardium
thin innermost layer of the heart wall made of simple squamous epithelium
33
What is myocardium?
cardiac muscle tissue, thick middle layer of the heart made of cardiac myocytes
34
What is epicardium?
protective outer layer which is also part of the pericardium
35
Pericardium
double-layered fluid filled sac that encloses the heart to protect it
36
What is the blood flow within the heart?
inferior vena cava > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonary valve > pulmonary artery > lungs > pulmonary veins > left atrium > mitral valve > left ventricle > aortic valve > aorta > rest of the body
37
Cardiac output
Amount of blood pumped by the heart in a minute mL/min
38
Heart rate
The number of cardiac cycles (beats) per minute. BPM
39
Stroke volume
The volume of blood (mL) ejected into the artery during each cardiac cycle (mL/beat)
40
Cardiac output equation
CO = SV x HR, mL/min
41
Cardiac myocytes
striated muscle cells responsible for contractions of the heart.
42
What do cardiac myocytes lack?
neuromuscular junction
43
intercalated discs
junctions connecting cardiac muscle cells
44
What do intercalated discs do?
provides strong mechanical adhesion and rapid electrical coupling
45
Functional synctyium
group of physically separate cells that work together as a single coordinated unit
46
desomosomes
adhesive intracellular junctions
47
What do desmosomes do?
act as binders during contraction supporting the filaments in adjoining cardiac cells to prevent separation
48
Fasciae adherens
anchoring cell-to-cell junctions that link cardiomyocytes with intercalated discs
49
What do fascia adherens do?
links actin filaments of adjacent cells
50
Gap junctions
channels between adjoining cardiac cells that allow for the rapid passage of ions from one cell to the next resulting in depolarization and contraction - causes cardiac muscle cells to contract silumtaneously
51
Pacemaker cells
cardiac muscle cells that spontaneously generate electrical impulses in the SA node - connect to these gap junctions to control the heart rate
52
Atroventricular valves
tricuspid mitral
53
Semilunar valves
aortic pulmonary
54
Why don't atroventricular valves swing back into the atria?
they have chordae tendinae and papillary muscles to prevent this
55
How are skeletal myofibres and cardiac myocytes different?
Skeletal myofibres are: - individually innervated - no gaps between them - multiple nuclei Cardiac myocytes are - mononucleated - have no neuromuscular junction - have intercalated discs which connect them through desomosomes and fasciae adherens - gap junctions that allow for signal transmission
56
Is the right venticle wall thinng than the left?
Yes
57
Why is the left venticle wall thicker than the right?
left side faces systemic circulation which needs more force, thicker muscle is needed to pump blood out
58
Why are systemic circuit vessels thicker?
they are larger and thicker because they are handling higher blood pressure and pump blood into the entire body
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