2.7. Performance analysis

Question 1

What is performance analysis?

Answer 1

The systematic observation, recording & evaluation of an athlete’s performance using qualitative & quantitative methods

Question 2

Performance analysis purpose

Answer 2

To improve decision-making, technique, strategies & overall effectiveness in training & competition as well as recovery

Question 3

What is involved in PA?

Answer 3

• Identify strengths & weaknesses for individuals & teams
• source of feedback to coach & performer
• create reliable record of performance that can be analysed
• help talent identification

Question 4

PA in coaching process

Answer 4

Observation - training & competition
↓
Analysis - before, during, after performance; qualitative & quantitative
↓
Evaluation - strengths & weaknesses
↓
Feedback - appropriate, correct, positive; team, individual
↓
Planning - based on info gained, in line with goals

Question 5

How much do coaches remember when observing athlete in real time?

Answer 5

30 - 50% of key performance indicators ( KPIs)

Varies based on experience, focus & situational factors

Question 6

What d o coaches look at?

Answer 6

Physical attributes
Technical efficiency
Tactical awareness
Psychological / behavioural factors

Question 7

Physical attributes of observation

Answer 7

Focus: fitness & conditioning

Key aspects: speed, strength, endurance, power, recovery

• When analysing an individual physically, a coach will analyse baseline fitness levels of an action or event in order to create appropriate training programmes

Eg rugby players wear GPS to track total distance covered & sprint speed during match to monitor fitness levels

Question 8

Technical efficiency of observation

Answer 8

Focus: now much the body’s limbs move to create movement & force

Key aspects: techniques, forces, joint angles, muscle activation, movement quality & efficiency, reducing injury risks

• certain sports focus on the aesthetics of movement too eg. Gymnastics → floor & beam

Eg Beckham’s biomechanics focused on precise foot placement,hip rotation & controlled follow through all working together/ coordinated to create extreme sidespin

Question 9

Tactical awareness of observation

Answer 9

Focus: how the team are at decision-making, looking at specific events / themes during play

Key aspects: tactical patterns, turnovers, decision- making, statistics, KPIs of team and individual player performance & opposition analysis

Eg a netball analyst tracks the number of successful passes made by the centre and where & how possession is lost to adjust team tactics

Question 10

Psychological / behavioural factors in observation

Answer 10

Focus: mindset & mental responses; now individuals react / behave in certain situations

Key aspects: confidence, anxiety, stress, aggression, motivation, concentration & decision-making when under pressure

Eg a sports psychologists observes a footballers body language & emotional control when goal-directed behaviour is blocked

Question 11

How can the coach and performer use physiological data?

Answer 11

• Identify strengths & weaknesses
• make changes to training programmes
• develop ongoing fitness profile
• set highly specific goals
• Monitor progress of training or recovery & effectiveness
• offer baseline data or benchmarking against comparative data
• Reduce risk of overuse injuries by managing workload
• Talent identification & development

Question 12

Techniques/methods for physiological analysis

Answer 12

• Fitness testing - field based, lab based
• physiological testing
• health tests
• GPS tracking systems & wearable technology

Question 13

Notational analysis

Answer 13

Analyse individual or team performance based on a number of key performance indicators
- eg time in possession, number of shots

Question 14

Biomechanics analysis

Answer 14

science concerned with internal & external forces acting on body

Studies kinetics & kinematics

Focuses on optimising technique, reducing injury risk & enhancing efficiency

Combines physics & physiology principles

Question 15

Kinetic definition

Answer 15

Force analysis

Question 16

Kinematic definition

Answer 16

Motion analysis

• force production, joint angle

Question 17

Video analysis advantages

Answer 17

• very detailed information
• slow motion - allows breakdown into smaller movements
• reverse/replay - watch back multiple times
• zoom in - see individuals out of team
• visual guidance/feedback
• split screen for comparison
• store multiple videos - compare past & previous

Question 18

Video analysis disadvantages

Answer 18

• Technology not always reliable - can lose footage
• specialist equipment - expensive
• specialist training needed to use it
• accessibility issues
• time consuming

Question 19

Benefits for athletes

Answer 19

• Improved technical + tactical knowledge
• Improved decision making
• improved confidence
• helps monitor progress overtime
• Increased motivation

Question 20

Benefits for coaches

Answer 20

• Assists understanding of athletes strengths & weaknesses
• helps develop specific programmes
• enhance own development & coaching practise
  -Enables in-depth review of performance
• helps make informed decisions

Question 21

Methods of notational analysis

Answer 21

• Video analysis
• real-time analysis
• computer analysis
• hand notation
• GPS systems

Question 22

Real-time analysis

Answer 22

Template made, performance noted for each aspect based on template of KPIs

Question 23

Real-time analysis advantages

Answer 23

• Immediate info provided
• opposition can be analysed to make changes
• quicker man post-match/ computer analysis
• help minimise risk of injury - sub players
• refine gameplay immediately

Question 24

Real-time analysis disadvantages

Answer 24

• limited amount of info can be recorded
• Less detailed feedback
• difficult to process
• requires specialist training
• data overload to performer
• some sports don’t benefit from real-time analysis
• subjective methods, human error
• no video, forgotten easily

Question 25

Post-match / computer analysis

Answer 25

Use of specialised computer software with a recording of performance Analyst notes number of outcomes

Question 26

Use of GPS systems

Answer 26

- aquire info about players in both match or training - measure distance covered, speed over set distances neat rate, force of collision, positions on pitch - can be used for personal training, changes in tactics, team selection - allows live tracking - when uploaded, can generate heat maps

Question 27

Computer analysis software

Answer 27

Catapult Prozone Veo Sports code Huddle

Question 28

Post-match analysis advantages

Answer 28

- Permanent record of performance - record of opposition performance - slow motion & freeze frame - precise analysis - Identify distances, speed, intensity of work - Training made specific - Players use for self analysis - Data output is immediate - Integration with graphics systems - clearer output

Question 29

Post - match analysis disadvantages

Answer 29

- Expensive programmes - equipment needs training to be used -Time consuming - can be ambiguous - KPIs need to be clearly defined

Question 30

Methods of biomechanics analysis

Answer 30

- Highly specialised sensors, camera & computer programmes → detect movement patterns - force plates → peak force, ground reaction force, rate of force development, force distribution - EMG (electromyography) → identify electrical impulses in muscle during movement

Question 31

Biomechanics analysis software

Answer 31

-Dartfish - quintic

Question 32

Biomechanics analysis advantage

Answer 32

-Improve techniques to improve performance & efficiency - reduce risk of injury by correcting movement -Provide technical feedback through visual approach - monitor rehab process

Question 33

Biomechanics analysis disadvantages

Answer 33

- trained biomechanists needed - may be difficult to understand results / feedback - difficult to conduct with younger & inexperienced performers - time consuming - Expensive equipment

Question 34

Sports psychology analysis

Answer 34

Combines psychology, mental health & wellbeing to support individuals to improve focus, increase confidence, develop coping strategies & achieve right zone to perform

Question 35

What does psychological analysis do?

Answer 35

- looks at & tries to predict behaviour of athletes - allows coach an opportunity to intervene & attempt to support & change patterns of behaviour - analyse emotional state under pressure

Question 36

Psych analysis - interview

Answer 36

More purposeful & organised than conversation but less formal & standardised than psych test

Question 37

Psych analysis - behaviour observation

Answer 37

Observed across: -Vocal -Facial expression - gesture - posture - Locomotion

Question 38

Psych analysis - personality testing

Answer 38

- Eysenck - state trait anxiety inventory - profile of mood state - athletic motivation inventory - sport competition anxiety test

Question 39

Psychological analysis methods

Answer 39

Interview Behaviour observation Personality testing

Question 40

Advantages of media involvement

Answer 40

- Enhances viewer understanding - engages & educates fans - creates informed debate -Improved fan experience - supports tactical awareness - bridges casual & expert audience - boosts digital engagement

Question 41

Disadvantages of media involvement

Answer 41

- Athletes see stats, demovativation - misleading stats -Minority sports don't receive enough attention - highlights specific genders & abilities