5.3. Ethics & Deviance

Question 1

violence definition

Answer 1

intense physical force that is directed towards harming another individual or group & cause injury of death

Question 2

hooliganism definition

Answer 2

acts of vandalism and violence in public places committed especially by youths

Question 3

football hooliganism

Answer 3

unruly, violent & destructive behaviour by over-zealous (enthusiastic) supporters of association football clubs

Question 4

reasons a performer may become violent during sport

Answer 4

• win at all costs mentality - high pressure
• retaliation against opponent or crowd
• frustration with officiating
• importance of event
• nature of the game
• lack of effective deterrants/punishments

Question 5

types of violence

Answer 5

spontaneous outburst

premeditated action

Question 6

cause of violence

Answer 6

• innate
• frustration
• loss of identity (follow others’ actions)
• social learning (imitating others)

Question 7

3 ways of dealing with violent players

Answer 7

• players
• national governing bodies
• coaches

Question 8

using players to deal with violent players

Answer 8

• positive role models
• avoid personal situations that lead to violence
• anxiety control techniques
• follow rules & codes of conduct

Question 9

using NGBs to deal with violent players

Answer 9

• fair play awards
• sports law in line with common law
• video evidence/put on report
• non-violent role models
• experienced officials to diffuse situation

Question 10

using coaches to deal with violent players

Answer 10

• substitute/change tactics
• avoid win at all costs mentality
• anxiety control techniques
• punishment
• code of conduct
• good examples/culture

Question 11

hooliganism definition

Answer 11

disorderly, aggressive and often violent behaviour by spectators at or around sporting events

often associated with young males, who are often drunk, as a sign of their masculinity

Question 12

causes of spectator violence/hooliganism

Answer 12

• emotional intensity
• poor policing/crowd control
• lack of effective deterrents/punishments
• diminished responsibility in large groups
• peer pressure
• reaction of working class to middle class ‘taking their game’
• poor officiating leading to frustration
• violence by players reflected in crowd
• religious discord
• frustration due to own team losing

Question 13

effect of violence and hooliganism for spectators

Answer 13

• brings sport into disrepute
• damages ability for people (esp. children) to participate
• leads to poor treatment of legitimate fans (bag checks, herded by police, not allowed to leave until other team left)

Question 14

effect of violence and hooliganism for players

Answer 14

• career ending injuries as a result of deliberate fouls
• miss chance for international recognitions
• team restricted from playing some competitions
• huge cost - FA, club, police, tax payers - spent on this instead of other issues
• reputation of country and club damaged

Question 15

negative effects of violence and hooliganism for football (in general)

Answer 15

• decline in participation rates
• decrease in live spectator attendances
• supporters banned form matches/travelling
• matches played behind closed doors
• all supporters treated as hooligans/with suspicion
• team banned/fined/point deducted
• sponsors withdraw
• additional costs to police events
• relationships with other countries decline

Question 16

strategies to stop hooliganism

Answer 16

• ban ticket touts (buying to resell)
• increase police & CCTV
• police forces share info
• confiscate passports
• ban known hooligans from grounds
• enforce trespass laws
• prosecute racist acts
• all seated stadiums (no standing)
• restricted hours for pubs near stadiums
• earlier kick off times
• segregation of fans (travelling & in ground)