functions of feedback
motivate - success/failure can be motivational
reinforce - strengthen/weaken SR bond
inform - strengths/weaknesses
feedback is most effective when …
accurate
concise
immediate
easily understood
truthful
intrinsic feedback
comes from your senses when performing (kinaesthesis)
eg. feeling balanced during a jump in gymnastics
extrinsic feedback
comes from external sources
eg. coach, video
types of extrinsic feedback
positive
negative
knowledge of results
knowledge of performance
concurrent
terminal
positive feedback
reinforces what was done correctly to encourage repetition
eg. ‘well done sticking the landing, your balance has improved’
negative feedback
highlights mistakes (constructive criticism) & areas for improvement
eg. ‘you’re losing your shape, try to stay tucked for longer to have a faster rotation’
knowledge of results
focuses on outcome, facts & figures
eg. ‘you scored 8/10 free throws’
knowledge of performance
focuses on quality of movement, regardless of outcome
eg. ‘your follow-through on the shot was too short’
concurrent feedback
given during a performance
eg. ‘keep your legs straight’
terminal feedback
given at end of performance
eg. ‘next time straighten your arms’