what are the causes of female infertility
age
life choices
problems with egg prpoduction
early menopause
anatomical challenges and sexuaal transmitted infections.
whats polycystic ovarian syndrome
when the ovaries contain antral follicle cyst and this causes them to not mauture properly and are abnormal. results in no mature follicle, no mensrual cycle, and they respond well to treatment.
what are some treatments for infertility
fertility drugs, clomid more LH more ovulation
suregery to currect anatomical problems
Artificial intrauterine inemination - sperm injectedd into the uterus
assisted reproductive technologies: IVF
taalk through IVF
Women are given hormone treatments to stimulate egg production
egg taken and combined with sperm in lab
kept in incubator till blastocyst stage and then put into the uterus or frozen.
5 steps of IVF
- stimualtion or superovulation
- egg retreival and sperm collection
- insemination and fertilization
- embryo culture
- embryo transfer
talk through stimulation or superovulation
its medication to boost egg production. low LH and ovulation. high FSH to produce more egs. more hcg which binds to Lh and finishes meiosis.
regular transvaginal ultrasounds to examine ovaries
blood test to check for FSH and Estrogen. to avoid hyperstimulation as well
more eggs retreived higher the success rate - 8-15 is good.
how is the egg retrieved
transvaginal egg, so needle goes in ultrasound used and follicular aspiration.
talk through sperm retreival
if no evidence of sperm count being low - man collects his own sperm if sperm count low invasive measures are taken. go through washing and only the best swimers are taken and will be capacitated so that acrosome rxn occurs and zona peluvida can be gone through.
what is ICSI and what will you ook for
effective for male infertility, sperm directly injected into egg and looking for two pronuclie.
what happens in embryo culture
let embryo develop for a few days till blastocyst so that it is in the right stage when inserted into the uterus.
explain pre-implantation genetic diagnosis
before implanting into the uterus a check for disease genes by examining 1-2 cells is done.
Explain embryo transfer
after blastocyst they transfer embryo to the mothers uterus, number of embryos depends on mother’s age. check for pregnancy 9-11 days later. Unused embryos are frozen for later use or donated.
