3. HLTH 213 > Abdominal wall > Flashcards

Abdominal wall Flashcards

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1
Q

abdominal wall boundaries: superiorly

A
  • xiphoid process

- costal margin

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2
Q

abdominal wall boundaries: posteriorly

A

vertebral column

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3
Q

abdominal wall boundaries: inferiorly

A

upper parts of pelvic bone

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4
Q

lumbar vertebrae: features

A
  • large in size
  • body kidney shaped
  • triangular vertebral foramen
  • long slender tvp
  • articular processes have mammillary processes
  • short thick spinous process
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5
Q

why is there larger gaps btw lumbar v compared to thoracic?

A
  • less things to protect aka spinal cord
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6
Q

what can x-rays of lumbar spine detect?

A
  • fractures
  • bone tumours
  • degenerative changes (arthritis)
  • disc narrowing
  • narrowing spinal canal
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7
Q

eg. ankylosing spondylitis

A
  • bamboo spine

- very narrow intervertebral discs

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8
Q

eg. facet joint arthritis

A
  • calcification of joints

- pain

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9
Q

eg. disc herniation

A
  • nucleus pulposus going into spinal canal
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10
Q

post abdominal wall: list mm

A
  • psoas major
  • psoas minor
  • quadratus lumborum (QL)
  • iliacus mm
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11
Q

quadratus lumborum: location

A

post abdominal wall

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12
Q

quadratus lumborum: origin

A

post iliac crest

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13
Q

quadratus lumborum: insertion

A

rib 12

- tvp of lumbar vertebra

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14
Q

quadratus lumborum: innervation

A

T12- L1

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15
Q

quadratus lumborum: function

A

lateral flexion of spine

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16
Q

psoas major: location

A

post abdominal wall

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17
Q

psoas major: origin

A

lumbar tvp

- discs from T12- L5

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18
Q

psoas major: insertion

A

lesser trochanter of femur

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19
Q

psoas major: innervation

A

L1- 3

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20
Q

psoas major: function

A
  • flex thigh at hip

- flex lower spine

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21
Q

iliacus: location

A

post abdominal wall

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22
Q

iliacus: origin

A

iliac fossa, hip

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23
Q

iliacus: insertion

A

lesser trochanter of femur

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24
Q

iliacus: innervation

A

femoral nn

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25
iliacus: function
- flex hip | - ant pelvic tilt
26
lymphatic system: classify nodes
- pre-aortic | - para-aortic
27
lymphatic system: pre-aortic nodes
- celiac | - sup/ inf mesenteric nodes
28
list layers of abdominal wall:
- skin - superficial fascia (subcutaneous tissue) - muscles and their fascias - extraperitoneal fascia - parietal peritoneum
29
superficial fascia: 2 layers
- superficial layer (Camper's fascia) | - deep layer membranous (Scarpa's fascia) -> in region inf to umbilicus
30
anterolateral abdominal wall: mm involved
- ext/ int obliques - transverse abdominal - rectus abdominis
31
rectus abdominis: location
anterolateral ab wall
32
rectus abdominis: origin
- pubic crest - pubic tubercle - pubic symphysis
33
rectus abdominis: insertion
- costal cartilage - ribs 5-7 - xiphoid
34
rectus abdominis: innervation
T7-12
35
rectus abdominis: function
- flex spine | - tense ab wall
36
external oblique: location
anterolateral ab wall
37
external oblique: origin
outer surfaces of ribs 4-12
38
external oblique: insertion
- lateral lip iliac crest - aponeurosis - linea alba
39
external oblique: innervation
T7-12
40
external oblique: function
- flex trunk - muscle on its own: bends trunk to same side - turns trunk to opposite side
41
internal oblique: location
- thoracolumbar fascia - iliac crest - outer 2/3 of inguinal lig
42
internal oblique: insertion
- lower 4 ribs - aponeurosis - linea alba - pubic crest
43
internal oblique: innervation
T7-L1
44
internal oblique: function
- together flex trunk | - on own: bend and turn trunk to same side
45
transverse abdominal: location
anterolateral ab wall
46
transverse abdominal: origin
- thoracolumbar fascia - outer 1/3 inguinal lig - rib 7-12
47
transverse abdominal: insertion
- aponeurosis ending at linea alba | - pubic crest
48
transverse abdominal: innervation
T7-L1
49
transverse abdominal: function
compress ab contents
50
rectus sheath: features
- vertical mm enclosed by layers of flat ab mm aponeuroses (ext/ int and transversus abdominis)
51
rectus sheath: upper 2/3
ant: - ext oblique - half int oblique post: - half int oblique - transversus abdominis
52
rectus sheath: lower 1/3
ant: - ext/ int oblique - transversus abdominis post: - ab mm direct contact w extraperitoneal fascia
53
extraperitoneal fascia:
- layer of ct | - separates transversalis fascia from peritoneum
54
peritoneum:
serous membrane covering abdominal cavity
55
nerve supply: T7-9
- supplies skin from xiphoid process to just above umbilicus
56
nerve supply: T11, 12, L1
supply skin just below umbilicus to and incl pubic region
57
nerve supply: ilio-inguinal n (of L1)
supplies ant surface of scrotum/ labia majora | - also small cutaneous branch to thigh
58
blood supply: list superficially
- musculophrenic aa - superficial epigastric aa - superficial circumflex iliac aa
59
superficial blood supply: musculophrenic aa features
- branches supplies superior part of wall | - is terminal branch of int thoracic aa
60
superficial blood supply: superficial epigastric aa features
supplies inf part of wall - medially placed - branch of femoral aa
61
superficial blood supply: superficial circumflex iliac aa features
supplies inf part of wall - laterally places - branch of femoral aa
62
deep blood supply: list deep ones
- superior epigastric aa - 10/11th intercostal aa - inf epigastric aa - deep circumflex iliac aa
63
deep blood supply: sup epigastric aa
- supplies superior part of wall | - terminal branch of internal thoracic aa
64
deep blood supply: 10/11th intercostal aa
- supplies lateral part | - and subcostal aa
65
deep blood supply: inf epigastric aa
- supplies inf part of wall | - branch of ext iliac aa
66
deep blood supply: deep circumflex iliac aa
- supplies inf part of wall - laterally places - branch of ext iliac aa
67
superficial lymphatic drainage: above umbilicus
axillae
68
superficial lymphatic drainage: below umbilicus
superficial inguinal nodes
69
deep lymphatic drainage: list main nodes
- parasternal nodes - lumbar nodes - ext iliac nodes
70
deep lymphatic drainage: parasternal nodes features
- follows deep aa | - along thoracic aa
71
deep lymphatic drainage: lumbar nodes features
- follows deep aa | - along abdominal aorta
72
deep lymphatic drainage: ext iliac nodes features
- follows deep aa | - along ext iliac aa
73
inguinal region: general features
- area of weakness in inf part of anterolateral ab wall | - weakness due to development/ descend of gonads
74
inguinal region: development of inguinal canal
- gubernaculum pulls testis down through abdomen layers - processus vaginalis forms - deep/ superficial inguinal ring - spermatic cord travels through
75
deep inguinal ring:
beginning of canal w invagination of transversalis fascia | - forms internal spermatic fascia of spermatic cord
76
superficial inguinal ring:
opening formed by aponeurosis of ext oblique mm | - forms ext spermatic fascia
77
list boundaries of inguinal canal:
- ant wall - post wall - floor - roof
78
inguinal canal: ant wall
ext oblique abdominis
79
inguinal canal: post wall
transversalis fascia
80
inguinal canal: floor
poupart lig
81
inguinal canal: roof
lower edges of int oblique and transversus abdominis mm
82
inguinal canal: contents male
- spermatic cord | - ilioinguinal n
83
inguinal canal: contents female
round lig of uterus
84
spermatic cord: list fascia
- int spermatic fascia - cremasteric fascia - ext spermatic fascia
85
spermatic cord: int spermatic fascia from
transversalis fascia
86
spermatic cord: cremasteric fascia from
int oblique mm
87
spermatic cord: ext spermatic fascia
aponeurosis of ext oblique mm
88
spermatic cord: list contents (8)
- ductus deferens - aa to ductus deferens - testicular aa - pampiniform plexus of veins - cremasteric aa/ v - genital branch of genitofemoral nn - autonomic/ visceral afferent n fibres - lymphatics
89
indirect inguinal hernia: features
- aka congenital - most common - not sufficiently closed inguinal canal - causes ab contents enter into scrotum - lateral to inf epigastric vessels (IEV)
90
direct inguinal hernia: features
- aka acquired - protrudes weakened ab wall - medial to inf epigastric vessels (IEV) - hernial sac formed by transversalis fascia
91
Hesselbach's triangle:
common area where direct inguinal hernias occur
92
Hesselbach's triangle: boundaries
inf: inguinal lig laterally: ing epigastric aa medially: rectus abdominis
93
femoral hernia:
- most common in females (wider hips) - into femoral triangle - requires surgery
94
abdominal quadrants:
- upper L - upper R - lower L - lower R vertical: median plane horizontal: transumbilical plane
95
abdominal regions: (3)
- epigastric - periumbilical - pelvic
96
anatomical regions: vertical planes
midclavicular lines
97
anatomical regions: horizontal planes
- subcostal (passing inf border of 10th costal cartilages) | - transtubercular (passing iliac tubercles and body of L5 vertebra)
3. HLTH 213
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