3. HLTH 213 > Thoracic wall > Flashcards

Thoracic wall Flashcards

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1
Q

list the types of vertebrae within the vertebral column:

A
  • cervical
  • thoracic
  • lumbar
  • sacral
  • coccygeal
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2
Q

list how many vertebrae within each vertebral type:

A
  • cervical C1-7
  • thoracic T1-12
  • lumbar L1-5
  • sacral S1-5 (fused)
  • coccygeal (3-4 fused)
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3
Q

typical features of thoracic vertebrae:

A
  • costal facets on transverse process

- demi facets for rib articulation

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4
Q

atypical thoracic vertebrae/ features:

A
  • T1 (superior costal facet for head of rib 1)
  • T10 (single complete costal facet for head of rib 10)
  • T11 (no costal facet on transverse process)
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5
Q

how many ribs and classify:

A
  • 12 pairs
  • R1-7 true
  • R8-10 false
  • R11-12 floating
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6
Q

atypical ribs:

A

R1-2, 10-12

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7
Q

typical ribs:

A

R3-9

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8
Q

typical ribs: features

A
  • head w 2 articular demifacets
  • neck
  • tubercle w articular facet
  • shaft w costal groove
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9
Q

atypical ribs: R1

A
  • flat, short, broad
  • head w singular articular facet

superior surface:

  • scalene tubercle
  • grooves for subclavian vein (ant) and artery (post)
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10
Q

atypical ribs: R2

A

flat but longer than R1

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11
Q

atypical ribs: R10

A

head only 1 articular facet

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12
Q

atypical ribs: R11/12

A
  • head only 1 articular facet

- no tubercle or neck

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13
Q

costal cartilages; general features

A
  • first 7 articulate directly w sternum

- 8-10th cartilage articular w cartilage superior

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14
Q

sternum: name parts

A
  • manubrium
  • body
  • xiphoid process
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15
Q

sternal angle: importance

A
  • separates superior/ inferior mediastinum
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16
Q

sternal angle: features

A
  • beginning/ end of arch of aorta
  • bifurcation of trachea
  • entrance of superior vena cava to heart
  • superior limit of pulmonary trunk
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17
Q

superior thoracic aperture: bones

A
  • 1st thoracic vertebrae
  • 1st pair of ribs
  • manubrium
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18
Q

superior thoracic aperture: contents (8)

A
  • oesophagus
  • trachea
  • common carotid arteries
  • internal jugular veins
  • vagus nn
  • phrenic nn
  • brachial plexus (roots)
  • apices of lungs
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19
Q

superior thoracic aperture: subclavian v

A

btw ant scalene m and costoclavicular lig

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20
Q

superior thoracic aperture: subclavian aa and brachial plexus

A

btw ant scalene and middle scalene

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21
Q

eg. cervical ribs

A
  • extra floating ribs found in neck
  • 1% of population
  • may compress neurovascular bundle
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22
Q

eg. thoracic outlet syndrome

A
  • compression of structures within superior thoracic aperture (inlet)
  • neurogenic
  • arterial
  • venous
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23
Q

list (5) anterior articulations in thorax

A
  • manubriosternal joint
  • xiphisternal joint
  • sternocostal joints
  • costochondral joints
  • interchondral joints
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24
Q

classify joint: manubriosternal j

A

symphysis

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25
classify joint: xiphisternal j
symphysis
26
classify joint: sternocostal j
- 1st: fibrocartilaginous | - 2-7th: synovial, planar
27
classify joint: costochondral j
synchondroses
28
classify joint: interchondral
synovial, planar
29
list posterior articulations:
- intervertebral discs | - zygapophyseal joints (btw sup/inf articular facets)
30
classify joint: intervertebral discs
symphyses
31
classify joint: zygapophyseal j
synovial, planar
32
costovertebral j: consists of
- head of rib (crest) - superior/ inferior demifacets of 2 vertebra - intervertebral disc in btw
33
costotransverse j: consists of
- transverse process of matching vertebra | - tubercle of rib
34
list costovertebral ligaments:
- superior costotransverse lig - joint capsule (intra-articular lig within) - costotransverse lig - lateral costotransverse lig
35
thoracic wall movements:
anterior sternum: - upwards and out lateral side ribs: - bucket handle - flares outwards
36
list general: extrinsic thoracic wall muscles and meaning
- originate from elsewhere but attaches in thoracic wall - neck mm - anterolateral chest mm - back mm - anterolateral abdominal mm
37
list general: intrinsic thoracic wall muscles and meaning
- originate and attach within thoracic wall - intercostals - subcostales - transverse thoracic mm
38
extrinsic thoracic wall muscles: list neck mm
- middle scalene - anterior scalene - post scalene - sternocleidomastoid
39
extrinsic thoracic wall muscles: list anterolateral mm
- pec major - pec minor - subclavius - serratus ant
40
extrinsic thoracic wall muscles: posterior mm
- serratus post inf | - serratus post sup
41
extrinsic thoracic wall muscles: abdominal mm
- ext oblique - internal oblique - transversus abdominis - rectus abdominis
42
extrinsic thoracic wall muscles: list intercostal mm
- ext intercostals - internal intercostals - innermost intercostals
43
intrinsic thoracic wall muscles: subcostales features
- span multiple ribs | - more in lower post thoracic wall
44
intrinsic thoracic wall muscles: transverse thoracic mm origin
- xiphoid process and lower body of sternum
45
intrinsic thoracic wall muscles: transverse thoracic mm insertion
- costal cartilage R3-6
46
diaphragm: costal part
- internal surface of inf 6 ribs and costal cartilages
47
diaphragm: sternal part
- post aspect of xiphoid process
48
diaphragm: lumbar part
- median arcuate lig (most central, left/ right crus) - medial arcuate lig - lateral arcuate lig
49
diaphragm: list 4 openings
- caval opening - oesophageal hiatus - aortic hiatus - lesser apertures in crura
50
diaphragm contents: caval opening
- inf vena cava | - right phrenic nn
51
diaphragm contents: oesophageal hiatus
- oesophagus | - left vagus nn
52
diaphragm contents: aortic hiatus
- abdominal aorta - thoracic duct - azygos vein
53
diaphragm contents: lesser apertures of crura
- greater/ lesser splanchnic nn
54
diaphragm: blood supply
- periocardiophrenic aa | - sup/ inf phrenic aa
55
diaphragm: innervation
motor: - phrenic nn sensory: - phrenic nn (centrally) - lower intercostal and subcostal nn (peripherally)
56
inhalation: accessory mm involved
- sternocleidomastoid (SCM) - middle scalene - ant scalene - post scalene
57
inhalation: accessory mm function- SCM
elevate sternum
58
inhalation: accessory mm function- scalenes
elevate and fix upper ribs
59
inhalation: principal mm involved
- ext intercostals - int intercostals (interchondral part) - diaphragm
60
inhalation: principal mm function- ext intercostals
- elevate ribs | - increase width of thoracic cavity
61
inhalation: principal mm function- interchondral part of int intercostals
elevate ribs
62
inhalation: principal mm function- diaphragm
- domes descend - increasing longitudinal dimension of thoracic cavity - helps elevate lower ribs
63
exhalation: quiet breathing
expiration from passive recoil of lungs and rib cage
64
exhalation: active breathing mm involved
- internal intercostals (except interchondral part) - rectus abdominis - ext oblique - int oblique - transversus abdominis
65
exhalation: function- internal intercostals
- lower ribs decreasing width of thoracic cavity
66
exhalation: function- abdominals
- depress lower ribs | - compress ab contents -> pushing up diaphragm
3. HLTH 213
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