Osteology

Question 1

skull divided into:

Answer 1

cranium and mandible

Question 2

cranium can be divided into:

Answer 2

• viscerocranium

- neurocranium

Question 3

neurocranium can be divided into:

Answer 3

• calvaria (skull cap)

- basicranium

Question 4

viscerocranium is:

Answer 4

facial bones

Question 5

name skull cavities:

Answer 5

• cranial
• nasal
• middle and inner ear cavities
• orbits
• oral (buccal)

Question 6

nasal activity divides into:

Answer 6

• 2 chambers (nasal fossae) by nasal septum (bone and cartilage)
• 4 paranasal sinuses

Question 7

paranasal sinus importance:

Answer 7

• lessen weight of skull

- resonance chambers for voice production

Question 8

fontanelles: features

Answer 8

plates of cartilage (mesenchyme)

Question 9

fontanelles: list them

Answer 9

• ant
• post
• anterolateral (2)
• posterolateral (2)

Question 10

fontanelles location: anterior

Answer 10

btw parietals and frontal

Question 11

fontanelles location: posterior

Answer 11

btw parietals and occipital

Question 12

fontanelles location: anterolateral

Answer 12

btw frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid

Question 13

fontanelles location: posterolateral

Answer 13

btw parietal, occipital and temporal

Question 14

name cranial bones: (6) and how many

Answer 14

• frontal
• parietal (2)
• temporal (2)
• occipital
• sphenoid
• ethmoid

Question 15

name facial bones: (8) and how many

Answer 15

• lacrimal (2)
• nasal (2)
• maxillae (2)
• zygomatic (2)
• palatine
• inferior nasal conchae (2)
• mandible
• vomer

Question 16

frontal bone: parts

Answer 16

• squamous
• nasal
• orbital

Question 17

frontal bone: squamous part (9)

Answer 17

• glabella
• supraorbital margin
• supraorbital margin
• supraorbital foramen/ notch
• superciliary arch
• zygomatic process
• frontal sinus
• frontal crest
• nasion

Question 18

frontal bone: nasal part located

Answer 18

• btw supraorbital margins

Question 19

frontal bone: nasal part articulates with

Answer 19

• nasal, maxilla, lacrimal, and ethmoid (perpendicular plate) bones

Question 20

frontal bone: parts

Answer 20

• roof of orbit (inf)

- anterior cranial fossa (sup side)

Question 21

parietal bone: sides

Answer 21

• external

- internal

Question 22

parietal bone: external side

Answer 22

• coronal suture (w frontal bone)
• squamous suture (temporal bone)
• lambdoid suture (w occipital)
• pterion
• asterion

Question 23

parietal bone: internal side

Answer 23

• impressions of blood vessels

Question 24

occipital bone: main parts

Answer 24

• squamous
• lateral
• basal
• foramen magnum

Question 25

occipital bone: squamous

Answer 25

- superior nuchal line - ext occipital protuberance (inion) - inferior nuchal line - ext occipital crest

Question 26

temporal bone: parts

Answer 26

- squamous - petrosal - tympanic

Question 27

temporal bone: squamous part

Answer 27

- zygomatic process | - mandibular fossa

Question 28

temporal bone: petrosal part

Answer 28

- mastoid process - styloid process - internal acoustic meatus (inside)

Question 29

temporal bone: tympanic part

Answer 29

- external acoustic meatus

Question 30

auditory ossicles: function

Answer 30

within middle ear (petrous temporal) | - transmit sound impulses

Question 31

auditory ossicles: list from outer to inner

Answer 31

- malleus - incus - stapes

Question 32

sphenoid bone: parts

Answer 32

- body - greater wings - lesser wings - pterygoid processes

Question 33

ethmoid:

Answer 33

- anterior portion of floor of cranium btw orbits, roof and sup sidewalls of nasal cavity, septum, sinus, scroll shaped plates of bone, sup/ middle nasal conchae

Question 34

cranial fossa: list them

Answer 34

- anterior - middle - posterior

Question 35

anterior cranial fossa: anteriorly

Answer 35

- frontal bone

Question 36

anterior cranial fossa: middle

Answer 36

ethmoid

Question 37

anterior cranial fossa: posteriorly

Answer 37

body and lesser wings of sphenoid

Question 38

middle cranial fossa: medially

Answer 38

sella turcica

Question 39

middle cranial fossa: laterally

Answer 39

- greater wings of sphenoid | - squamous

Question 40

middle cranial fossa: posteriorly

Answer 40

- petrous parts of temporal

Question 41

posterior cranial fossa:

Answer 41

mainly occipital

Question 42

maxilla: function

Answer 42

supports teeth

Question 43

maxilla: parts

Answer 43

- hard palate - nasal cavity - orbits - large maxillary sinus

Question 44

palatine bone:

Answer 44

- post 1/3 of hard palate | - parts of orbit and nasal cavity

Question 45

zygomatic bone:

Answer 45

- temporal process + zygomatic process = zygomatic arch

Question 46

lacrimal:

Answer 46

anterior part of medial wall of orbit

Question 47

nasal:

Answer 47

forms bridge of nose

Question 48

inferior nasal conchae:

Answer 48

scroll like bones, project horizontally and medially from lateral wall of nasal cavity

Question 49

vomer:

Answer 49

- thin flat bone which forms lower part of nasal septum

Question 50

mandible: parts

Answer 50

- body (lower jaw) - ramus (vertical) - angle (where two meet)

Question 51

hyoid bone: features

Answer 51

- floating bone - in neck inf to mandible - suspended by styloid process by stylohyoid mm and ligs

Question 52

hyoid bone: function

Answer 52

supports tongue

Question 53

Le fort fractures: type I

Answer 53

- involves anterolateral margin of nasal fossa above maxillary alveolar process

Question 54

Le fort fractures: type II

Answer 54

- involves inf orbital rim

Question 55

Le fort fractures: type III

Answer 55

- involves zygomatic arch

Question 56

midface fractures:

Answer 56

- zygomaticofrontal suture - medial wall of orbit - nasofrontal suture - fracture of zygomatic arch

Question 57

signs of basal skull fractures:

Answer 57

- battle sign (behind ear) | - periorbital haematoma (pooling of blood under eyes)